{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283378435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","title":"An Efficient Design of QCA Binary to Gray Code Converter for Telecommunication Systems","display_name":"An Efficient Design of QCA Binary to Gray Code Converter for Telecommunication Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283378435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1267101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1267101/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059293732","display_name":"Marupaka Aditya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-7062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-7062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marupaka Aditya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4871-7062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022238415","display_name":"Srinivasa Rao K","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-6521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5254-6521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasa Rao K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038260118","display_name":"B. Balaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-1222","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-1222"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji B","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084467918","display_name":"Kondavitee Girija Sravani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-1833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-1833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Girija Srav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075593828","display_name":"Umamaheshwar Soma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-1058","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-1058"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28210344","display_name":"Kakatiya University","ror":"https://ror.org/012zpbg81","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28210344"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umamaheshwar Soma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28210344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072023540","display_name":"Cheruku Swamy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875944469","display_name":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02k949197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheruku Swamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051118545","display_name":"B. Naresh Kumar Reddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-3673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-3673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naresh Kumar Reddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Delhi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059293732"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I875944469"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-dot-cellular-automata","display_name":"quantum-dot cellular automata","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray-code","display_name":"Gray code","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-area-reduction","display_name":"circuit area reduction","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption-reduction","display_name":"energy consumption reduction","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-systems","display_name":"telecommunication systems","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129861397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332772","display_name":"Gray code","level":2,"score":0.8231759071350098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.627035915851593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.6180461049079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5490522384643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.49200960993766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4675501883029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2602943480014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1674014925956726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06322753429412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.04686391353607178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1267101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1267101/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1267101/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283378435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283378435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008041847","https://openalex.org/W2035156038","https://openalex.org/W2057854285","https://openalex.org/W2118060293","https://openalex.org/W2128369966","https://openalex.org/W2133403974","https://openalex.org/W2133546240","https://openalex.org/W2138040286","https://openalex.org/W2160439737","https://openalex.org/W2289340160","https://openalex.org/W2513300142","https://openalex.org/W2530643875","https://openalex.org/W2548242993","https://openalex.org/W2556041094","https://openalex.org/W2567551601","https://openalex.org/W2603537582","https://openalex.org/W2627880084","https://openalex.org/W2798992843","https://openalex.org/W2800709714","https://openalex.org/W2895000160","https://openalex.org/W2898331493","https://openalex.org/W2901896199","https://openalex.org/W2920883099","https://openalex.org/W2962862596","https://openalex.org/W2969634767","https://openalex.org/W4240673300","https://openalex.org/W4243126080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123693510","https://openalex.org/W4401502456","https://openalex.org/W2463778037","https://openalex.org/W4247265892","https://openalex.org/W4399327812","https://openalex.org/W2766560809","https://openalex.org/W4289210467","https://openalex.org/W3097059884","https://openalex.org/W3009177689","https://openalex.org/W2798992843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Quantum":[1,11,31],"Dot":[2],"Cellular":[3],"Automata":[4],"(QCA)":[5],"is":[6,14,48,105,127],"a":[7,70],"prominent":[8],"technology":[9,35,53],"in":[10,101,156],"Electronics.":[12,32],"This":[13],"implemented":[15],"with":[16],"the":[17,58,74,81,89,92,102,123,143,146,154,157],"help":[18],"of":[19,30,76,91,99],"quantum":[20],"cells":[21,77,100],"which":[22,149],"are":[23,37,56,68,86],"also":[24,87,151],"known":[25],"as":[26],"basic":[27],"building":[28],"blocks":[29],"In":[33,64,134],"QCA":[34],"there":[36],"four":[38],"different":[39],"clock":[40,42,46],"pulses,":[41],"delay":[43],"for":[44,112,119],"each":[45],"cycle":[47],"0.25":[49],"ns.":[50],"Using":[51],"this":[52,65],"now":[54],"we":[55,67,85],"implementing":[57],"Binary":[59],"to":[60,72,80,95,141,153],"Gray":[61],"code":[62],"converter.":[63],"paper,":[66],"proposing":[69],"design":[71,104,137],"reduce":[73],"number":[75,98],"when":[78],"compared":[79],"previous":[82,147],"designs":[83],"and":[84,110,115,121,131],"extending":[88],"implementation":[90],"converter":[93],"up":[94],"5-bits.":[96],"The":[97],"proposed":[103,136],"improved":[106,128],"by":[107,129],"2.5%,":[108],"36.44%,":[109],"50.66%":[111],"2-bit,":[113],"3-bit,":[114],"4-bit":[116],"respectively.":[117,133],"Also,":[118],"3-bit":[120],"4-bit,":[122],"total":[124],"occupied":[125],"area":[126,144],"55.56%":[130],"74.680%":[132],"our":[135],"it":[138],"helps":[139],"us":[140],"decrease":[142,155],"from":[145],"circuit,":[148],"may":[150],"lead":[152],"power":[158],"consumption.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2022-06-25T00:00:00"}