{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283370250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","title":"XPS and material properties of raw and oxidized carbide-derived carbon and their application in antifreeze thermal fluids/nanofluids","display_name":"XPS and material properties of raw and oxidized carbide-derived carbon and their application in antifreeze thermal fluids/nanofluids","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283370250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001781365","display_name":"Ismail W. Almanassra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-9237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-9237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["AE","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail W. Almanassra","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029771240","display_name":"Yahya Zakaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-4398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-4398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Zakaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103930677","display_name":"\u0412\u0456\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043d","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Kochkodan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082577058","display_name":"Kamal H. Mrou\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-6529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-6529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Mroue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102996444","display_name":"Atef Zekri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-5936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-5936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atef Zekri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056739886","display_name":"Muataz Ali Atieh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-0467","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6805-0467"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muataz Ali Atieh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Desalination Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086098688","display_name":"Tareq A. Al\u2010Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-8240","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-8240"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92528248","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05","country_code":"QA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Al-Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-8240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086098688"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839","https://openalex.org/I92528248"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":1.8678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85244561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"147","issue":"21","first_page":"11787","last_page":"11803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11277","display_name":"Thermal properties of materials","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10938","display_name":"Phase Change Materials Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbide-derived-carbon","display_name":"carbide-derived carbon","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluids","display_name":"nanofluids","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-conductivity-enhancement","display_name":"thermal conductivity enhancement","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"viscosity","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid-stability","display_name":"nanofluid stability","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zeta-potential","display_name":"zeta potential","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedimentation","display_name":"sedimentation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-containing-functional-groups","display_name":"oxygen-containing functional groups","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-treatment","display_name":"acid treatment","score":0.7139999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86181022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823","display_name":"Zeta potential","level":3,"score":0.6920028924942017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.507935106754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4941466152667999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.49068987369537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59061564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7783071","display_name":"Thermal stability","level":2,"score":0.48083242774009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44496017694473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43460026383399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3593250811100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.241796612739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.11931318044662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.11764469742774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.11048707365989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08988150954246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/21601353","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/XPS_and_material_properties_of_raw_and_oxidized_carbide-derived_carbon_and_their_application_in_antifreeze_thermal_fluids_nanofluids/21601353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.57945/manara.21601353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57945/manara.21601353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57945/manara.21601353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052475","display_name":"Qatar National Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800397007","host_organization_name":"Qatar National Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800397007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.57945/manara.21601353.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57945/manara.21601353.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57945/manara.21601353.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052475","display_name":"Qatar National Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800397007","host_organization_name":"Qatar National Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800397007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10973-022-11419-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319188","display_name":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322334","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283370250.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283370250.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974496465","https://openalex.org/W2026694022","https://openalex.org/W2087776813","https://openalex.org/W2091239583","https://openalex.org/W2310254197","https://openalex.org/W2323267193","https://openalex.org/W2471933653","https://openalex.org/W2491984883","https://openalex.org/W2560380600","https://openalex.org/W2605216613","https://openalex.org/W2776110289","https://openalex.org/W2792945718","https://openalex.org/W2802864122","https://openalex.org/W2804556043","https://openalex.org/W2888734689","https://openalex.org/W2899742671","https://openalex.org/W2935722648","https://openalex.org/W2945028647","https://openalex.org/W2971476251","https://openalex.org/W2990742711","https://openalex.org/W2995936116","https://openalex.org/W3000185520","https://openalex.org/W3014969291","https://openalex.org/W3031760901","https://openalex.org/W3036586555","https://openalex.org/W3041448744","https://openalex.org/W3083759135","https://openalex.org/W3086441727","https://openalex.org/W3092860741","https://openalex.org/W3112264349","https://openalex.org/W3126925019","https://openalex.org/W3145629748","https://openalex.org/W3153370603","https://openalex.org/W3161793614","https://openalex.org/W3176806084","https://openalex.org/W3182238988","https://openalex.org/W3198074108","https://openalex.org/W3202751358","https://openalex.org/W3203938270","https://openalex.org/W3207929701","https://openalex.org/W4220811106","https://openalex.org/W4221002019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3086441727","https://openalex.org/W2914039583","https://openalex.org/W2008960106","https://openalex.org/W2951132779","https://openalex.org/W4231137321","https://openalex.org/W2891274560","https://openalex.org/W7071795803","https://openalex.org/W2906314952","https://openalex.org/W4205847644","https://openalex.org/W1523873329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"study,":[3],"the":[4,22,39,50,64,104,116,132,142,145,222,231,238,240,249],"stability,":[5],"thermal":[6,14,81,160,196,207,232],"conductivity":[7,161,197,208,233],"and":[8,31,49,55,67,86,110,151,155],"viscosity":[9,140,146],"of":[10,95,174,183,214],"carbide-derived":[11],"carbon":[12],"antifreeze":[13,25,243],"fluids":[15,82],"were":[16,90],"explored.":[17],"The":[18,74,99,159,186,203],"study":[19],"also":[20],"compares":[21],"results":[23,59,101],"between":[24],"suspensions":[26,124,136,244],"prepared":[27],"using":[28,34,166,211],"oxidized":[29,43,72,105,143,191,215,241],"CDC":[30,33,41,80,106,135,150,179,192,216,242],"emulsified":[32,117,201,250],"gum":[35,133,152,199,223],"arabic.":[36],"At":[37],"first,":[38],"raw":[40],"was":[42,77,147,163,209,227],"with":[44,97,149,157,177],"oxygen":[45,65,68],"by":[46],"acid":[47],"treatment":[48],"Fourier":[51],"transform":[52],"infrared":[53],"spectroscopy":[54,58],"X-ray":[56],"photoelectron":[57],"revealed":[60,102],"an":[61],"increase":[62],"in":[63,71,170,206],"content":[66],"functional":[69],"groups":[70],"CDC.":[73,202,251],"two-step":[75],"method":[76],"utilized":[78],"for":[79,125],"preparation.":[83],"Sedimentation":[84],"visualization":[85],"zeta":[87,112],"potential":[88,113],"testing":[89],"employed":[91],"to":[92,229,237],"investigate":[93],"stability":[94,100,109],"nanofluids":[96],"time.":[98],"that":[103,131,190],"has":[107,194],"better":[108,195,247],"higher":[111,139],"values":[114],"than":[115,141,198,248],"CDCs;":[118],"however,":[119],"both":[120],"mixtures":[121],"demonstrated":[122,189],"stable":[123],"three":[126],"months.":[127],"Viscosity":[128],"measurements":[129],"showed":[130],"arabic":[134,153,200,224],"have":[137],"a":[138,167,171,178],"CDC;":[144],"growing":[148],"loadings":[154],"decreased":[156],"temperature.":[158],"analysis":[162],"carried":[164],"out":[165],"lambda":[168],"analyzer":[169],"temperature":[172],"range":[173,182],"288\u2013338":[175],"K":[176],"mass":[180,225],"loading":[181,226],"0.05\u20130.3":[184],"mass%.":[185],"experimental":[187],"outcomes":[188],"suspension":[193],"highest":[204],"improvement":[205],"25.6%":[210],"0.3":[212],"mass%":[213],"at":[217],"338":[218],"K.":[219],"Moreover,":[220],"raising":[221],"found":[228],"reduce":[230],"enhancement.":[234],"Therefore,":[235],"according":[236],"results,":[239],"can":[245],"perform":[246],"Graphical":[252],"abstract":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-06-25T00:00:00"}
