{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283365752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","title":"A Detailed Investigation Into the Wave Energy Resource at a Small-Scale Ocean Energy Test Site in China","display_name":"A Detailed Investigation Into the Wave Energy Resource at a Small-Scale Ocean Energy Test Site in China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283365752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4283365752"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075877324","display_name":"Yizhou Fang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhou Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119507290","display_name":"He Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-6081","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-6081"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034159161","display_name":"Qingwei Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingwei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008959292","display_name":"Bo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-1198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3571-1198"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735023","display_name":"Xiaoyong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-5492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-5492"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ocean Technology Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.3111,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44894342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11250","display_name":"Wave and Wind Energy Systems","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11250","display_name":"Wave and Wind Energy Systems","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-energy-resources","display_name":"wave energy resources","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-power-density","display_name":"wave power density","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-hindcast","display_name":"wave hindcast","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swan-model","display_name":"SWAN wave model","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-energy-converters","display_name":"wave energy converters","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-model","display_name":"scale model","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-wave-conditions","display_name":"extreme wave conditions","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-renewable-energy","display_name":"marine renewable energy","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83002819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798528","display_name":"Hindcast","level":2,"score":0.9358696937561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52881836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1887075","display_name":"Marine energy","level":3,"score":0.7668790817260742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.636051595211029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6262087821960449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554","display_name":"Wave power","level":3,"score":0.5511144399642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5244807600975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.4466026723384857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779847632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30026","display_name":"Buoy","level":2,"score":0.4406810402870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.42344963550567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41947096586227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985586866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554","display_name":"Wave energy converter","level":3,"score":0.41764187812805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.386820912361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.3597271740436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3447176218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3349432945251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27331995964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23283547163009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1694408655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14957323670387268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1361120045185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10728061199188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09649771451950073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08997267484664917}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee10092744134bbb91e0a571a9f064b7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee10092744134bbb91e0a571a9f064b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research, Vol 10 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.883553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46149998903274536,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4510575769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52078251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7923319349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0132000 2019YFE0102500 2019YFB1504401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994607196","https://openalex.org/W2000979729","https://openalex.org/W2010011979","https://openalex.org/W2021740465","https://openalex.org/W2026303814","https://openalex.org/W2029844071","https://openalex.org/W2034390022","https://openalex.org/W2048633103","https://openalex.org/W2066498473","https://openalex.org/W2069784826","https://openalex.org/W2073906031","https://openalex.org/W2080895613","https://openalex.org/W2142300862","https://openalex.org/W2161857030","https://openalex.org/W2174106502","https://openalex.org/W2320756082","https://openalex.org/W2403129807","https://openalex.org/W2531799590","https://openalex.org/W2566467605","https://openalex.org/W2568817437","https://openalex.org/W2599415013","https://openalex.org/W2621372257","https://openalex.org/W2622410598","https://openalex.org/W2771486944","https://openalex.org/W2787090390","https://openalex.org/W2800306309","https://openalex.org/W2887983901","https://openalex.org/W2896132470","https://openalex.org/W2930482862","https://openalex.org/W2958204303","https://openalex.org/W2978565784","https://openalex.org/W2979888314","https://openalex.org/W2980388382","https://openalex.org/W3022357921","https://openalex.org/W3049600719","https://openalex.org/W3119228151","https://openalex.org/W3119934871","https://openalex.org/W3127298068","https://openalex.org/W3138175566","https://openalex.org/W3146301379","https://openalex.org/W3150915741","https://openalex.org/W4234519217"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154118056","https://openalex.org/W2784127966","https://openalex.org/W2055108742","https://openalex.org/W2550373846","https://openalex.org/W6893309063","https://openalex.org/W4290593802","https://openalex.org/W1610678605","https://openalex.org/W2081944295","https://openalex.org/W4206781173","https://openalex.org/W2092488323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,14,35,69,73,110,115,129,151,173,190],"R&D":[2],"of":[3,17,19,48,68,114,118,134,150,183,192],"marine":[4,20],"renewable":[5,21],"energy":[6,22,53,75,120,195],"converters,":[7],"scale":[8,177,193],"models":[9,197],"are":[10],"usually":[11],"used":[12],"in":[13,41,55,122,179,205],"early":[15],"stages":[16],"development":[18],"converters.":[23],"China\u2019s":[24],"National":[25,36],"Ocean":[26,37],"Integrated":[27],"Test":[28],"Site":[29],"(NOITS)":[30],"is":[31],"being":[32],"developed":[33],"by":[34],"Technology":[38],"Center":[39],"(NOTC)":[40],"Weihai,":[42],"Shandong":[43],"Province,":[44],"to":[45,63,92,164,171,200],"facilitate":[46],"testing":[47,174],"scaled":[49],"wave":[50,70,74,97,119,131,155,165,194],"and":[51,72,101,139,153,157],"tidal":[52],"converters":[54],"an":[56,104],"open":[57,202],"sea":[58,203],"environment.":[59],"This":[60],"research":[61],"aims":[62],"gain":[64],"a":[65,94,147],"detailed":[66],"understanding":[67],"characteristics":[71],"resource":[76,121],"at":[77,175],"this":[78,184],"site.":[79,112],"A":[80],"nested":[81],"modeling":[82],"system":[83],"has":[84],"been":[85],"implemented":[86],"using":[87],"Simulating":[88],"WAves":[89],"Nearshore":[90],"(SWAN)":[91],"provide":[93,186],"10-year":[95],"high-resolution":[96],"hindcast":[98],"between":[99],"2009":[100],"2019":[102],"with":[103,128],"approximately":[105],"60":[106],"m":[107],"resolution":[108],"covering":[109],"test":[111],"Analysis":[113],"spatio-temporal":[116],"distribution":[117],"NOITS":[123],"reveals":[124],"its":[125],"strong":[126],"seasonality,":[127],"mean":[130],"power":[132],"density":[133],">1.5":[135],"kW/m":[136,141],"during":[137,142],"winter":[138],"<0.2":[140],"summer.":[143],"We":[144],"also":[145],"performed":[146],"statistical":[148],"analysis":[149],"high":[152],"extreme":[154],"conditions":[156],"their":[158],"occurrence.":[159],"By":[160],"applying":[161],"scaling":[162],"methods":[163],"resources,":[166],"four":[167],"WECs":[168],"were":[169],"selected":[170],"demonstrate":[172],"different":[176],"ratios":[178],"NOITS.":[180,206],"The":[181],"results":[182],"study":[185],"engineering":[187],"references":[188],"for":[189],"design":[191],"converter":[196],"which":[198],"target":[199],"perform":[201],"trials":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2022-06-25T00:00:00"}