{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283310784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","title":"COVID-19 pandemic and the cyberthreat landscape: Research challenges and opportunities","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic and the cyberthreat landscape: Research challenges and opportunities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283310784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35765301","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9222023"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011612304","display_name":"Heba Saleous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-1697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4210-1697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Saleous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029338708","display_name":"Muhusina Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-169X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-169X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhusina Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046993433","display_name":"Saleh H. AlDaajeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-9290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7810-9290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh H. AlDaajeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102725231","display_name":"Nisha Thorakkattu Madathil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-4421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-4421","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-7426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisha Madathil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-4421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000085565","display_name":"Saed Alrabaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-493X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-493X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saed Alrabaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-493X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Security, College of IT, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746807","display_name":"Kim\u2010Kwang Raymond Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022201145","display_name":"Nabeel A. Y. Al-Qirim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-7521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-7521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabeel Al-Qirim","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Technological Innovations (CIT), Zayed University, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Technological Innovations (CIT), Zayed University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000085565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"apc_paid":{"value":800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":800},"fwci":9.1337,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98059656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"211","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.8285999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.12070000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"cyber threats","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity-risks","display_name":"cybersecurity risks","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercriminals","display_name":"cybercriminals","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-vectors","display_name":"attack vectors","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"attack surface","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-facilities","display_name":"healthcare facilities","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-individuals","display_name":"vulnerable individuals","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberattacks","display_name":"cyberattacks","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.8548411130905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.843238115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.766542375087738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6536391973495483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6433535814285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.6060577034950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.510623037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38495934009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.353488564491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.15372774004936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12409406900405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.06378719210624695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9222023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9222023/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9222023/pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digit Commun Netw","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:35765301","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35765301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital communications and networks","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a6152efdcca4dd585c5709cc6eba554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a6152efdcca4dd585c5709cc6eba554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 211-222 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.06.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495769766","display_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","issn_l":"2352-8648","issn":["2352-8648","2468-5925"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320345","host_organization_name":"KeAi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320345","https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["KeAi","Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5327211872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G00003261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","funder_display_name":"United Arab Emirates University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323593","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283310784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283310784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494664131","https://openalex.org/W2754617078","https://openalex.org/W2774510177","https://openalex.org/W3010223921","https://openalex.org/W3014084098","https://openalex.org/W3015314850","https://openalex.org/W3017385444","https://openalex.org/W3023589443","https://openalex.org/W3023617420","https://openalex.org/W3034039006","https://openalex.org/W3043863308","https://openalex.org/W3085990892","https://openalex.org/W3156161219","https://openalex.org/W4206492410","https://openalex.org/W4280518408","https://openalex.org/W4280573290","https://openalex.org/W6602234819","https://openalex.org/W6779350300","https://openalex.org/W6786532134","https://openalex.org/W6797452252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6930143475","https://openalex.org/W3159276857","https://openalex.org/W3025563795","https://openalex.org/W3174956708","https://openalex.org/W4392163860","https://openalex.org/W4214896881","https://openalex.org/W3085716934","https://openalex.org/W3132911739","https://openalex.org/W4402209348","https://openalex.org/W7085814395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"cyber":[1],"technologies":[2,23],"benefit":[3],"our":[4],"society,":[5],"there":[6],"are":[7],"also":[8,60],"some":[9],"related":[10],"cybersecurity":[11],"risks.":[12],"For":[13],"example,":[14],"cybercriminals":[15],"may":[16],"exploit":[17],"vulnerabilities":[18],"in":[19],"people,":[20],"processes,":[21],"and":[22,44,65,73,77,86],"during":[24],"trying":[25],"times,":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"the":[29,51,56,62,75],"ongoing":[30],"COVID-19":[31,57],"pandemic,":[32],"to":[33],"identify":[34],"opportunities":[35],"that":[36],"target":[37],"vulnerable":[38],"individuals,":[39,84],"organizations":[40],"(e.g.,":[41],"medical":[42],"facilities),":[43],"systems.":[45,87],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,70],"examine":[50],"various":[52],"cyberthreats":[53],"associated":[54],"with":[55],"pandemic.":[58],"We":[59],"determine":[61],"attack":[63],"vectors":[64],"surfaces":[66],"of":[67],"cyberthreats.":[68],"Finally,":[69],"will":[71],"discuss":[72],"analyze":[74],"insights":[76],"suggestions":[78],"generated":[79],"by":[80],"different":[81],"cyberattacks":[82],"against":[83],"organizations,":[85]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2022-06-24T00:00:00"}