{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283216675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","title":"The Gender Gap in Journalism. Characteristics and Perception","display_name":"The Gender Gap in Journalism. Characteristics and Perception","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283216675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5209/arab.79087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","pdf_url":"https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARAB/article/download/79087/4564456560670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236248","display_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","issn_l":"1578-8393","issn":["1578-8393","2530-7592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321038","host_organization_name":"Complutense University of Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321038"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Complutense University of Madrid"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARAB/article/download/79087/4564456560670","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047160727","display_name":"Sim\u00f3n Pe\u00f1a-Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-3241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-3241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sim\u00f3n Pe\u00f1a-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2080-3241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083448892","display_name":"Ainara Larrondo Ureta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainara Larrondo-Ureta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014969488","display_name":"Jes\u00fas P\u00e9rez Dasilva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-4859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-4859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas \u00c1ngel P\u00e9rez-Dasilva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-4859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013171519","display_name":"Koldobika Meso Ayerdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-133X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-133X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koldobika Meso-Ayerdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-133X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076077469","display_name":"Terese Mendiguren Galdosp\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terese Mendiguren-Galdospin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3092-6608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081750024","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Ganz\u00e1bal Learreta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-402X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-402X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Ganzabal-Learreta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-402X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039983121","display_name":"Irati Agirreazkuenaga Onaindia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-7714","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-7714"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irati Agirreazkuenaga-Onaindia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-7714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco (UPV/EHU)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86436719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"173","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.44780001044273376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.44780001044273376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.2621999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12908","display_name":"Media, Gender, and Advertising","score":0.08529999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-gap","display_name":"gender gap","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/journalism","display_name":"journalism","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-in-media","display_name":"women in media","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newsroom","display_name":"newsroom","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-gap","display_name":"wage gap","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development","display_name":"career development","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-women","display_name":"professional women","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-professionals","display_name":"media professionals","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basque-country","display_name":"Basque Country","score":0.9620000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119513131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11030","display_name":"Journalism","level":2,"score":0.8236422538757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7811735272407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986619947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30103150","display_name":"Gender gap","level":2,"score":0.6066941618919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5762986540794373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.451927125453949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44466298818588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43688246607780457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.42579829692840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.42453011870384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3810585141181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3211020827293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.2587009072303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13085335493087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0841679573059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07192561030387878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5209/arab.79087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","pdf_url":"https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARAB/article/download/79087/4564456560670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236248","display_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","issn_l":"1578-8393","issn":["1578-8393","2530-7592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321038","host_organization_name":"Complutense University of Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321038"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Complutense University of Madrid"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:addi.ehu.eus:10810/56936","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10810/56936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401964","display_name":"Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","host_organization_name":"University of the Basque Country","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07e660a5faa14a1d9cad254112300de2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07e660a5faa14a1d9cad254112300de2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta, Vol 22, Iss 2 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hispana.mcu.es:60824261","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hispana.mcu.es/es/registros/registro.do?tipoRegistro=MTD&idBib=60824261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196108","display_name":"Hispana","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5209/arab.79087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5209/arab.79087","pdf_url":"https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ARAB/article/download/79087/4564456560670","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236248","display_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","issn_l":"1578-8393","issn":["1578-8393","2530-7592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["ddh","doaj","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321038","host_organization_name":"Complutense University of Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321038"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Complutense University of Madrid"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"\u00c1rea Abierta","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283216675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283216675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506549108","https://openalex.org/W1521878247","https://openalex.org/W1539597737","https://openalex.org/W2001840062","https://openalex.org/W2003246102","https://openalex.org/W2015337288","https://openalex.org/W2022546102","https://openalex.org/W2114551557","https://openalex.org/W2125567546","https://openalex.org/W2180640585","https://openalex.org/W2244196449","https://openalex.org/W2578634569","https://openalex.org/W2733604083","https://openalex.org/W2809405613","https://openalex.org/W2811198947","https://openalex.org/W2911658263","https://openalex.org/W2953104340","https://openalex.org/W2973564644","https://openalex.org/W3003308875","https://openalex.org/W3042069286","https://openalex.org/W4249105777","https://openalex.org/W6790089102"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6939702049","https://openalex.org/W2548261149","https://openalex.org/W7150064039","https://openalex.org/W2960380872","https://openalex.org/W2024726227","https://openalex.org/W2485294752","https://openalex.org/W1542900425","https://openalex.org/W2973564644","https://openalex.org/W2991056074","https://openalex.org/W3027436011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Journalism":[0],"is":[1,147],"an":[2],"activity":[3],"that":[4,29,146],"does":[5],"not":[6],"escape":[7],"the":[8,18,47,51,55,59,63,85,89,92,108,111,118,121,151,154],"gender":[9,52,124],"gap.":[10],"Despite":[11],"progress":[12],"in":[13,15,22,54,68,81,84,102,107,125],"equality":[14],"recent":[16],"decades,":[17],"analysis":[19],"of":[20,65,94,105,120,123],"women":[21,136],"media":[23,83],"newsrooms":[24],"show":[25],"data":[26,112,152],"even":[27],"today":[28],"prove":[30],"differences":[31],"between":[32],"men":[33],"and":[34,98],"women.":[35],"Within":[36],"this":[37,39,69,72,133],"context,":[38],"study":[40],"aims,":[41],"on":[42,58,153],"one":[43],"hand,":[44],"to":[45,61,137],"characterise":[46],"main":[48],"indicators":[49],"revealing":[50],"gap":[53,97],"profession":[56],"and,":[57],"other,":[60],"discover":[62],"opinions":[64],"acting":[66],"professionals":[67],"regard.":[70],"To":[71],"end,":[73],"a":[74,95,99,115,127,138,144],"survey":[75],"was":[76],"conducted":[77],"with":[78],"522":[79],"workers":[80],"news":[82],"Basque":[86],"Country.":[87],"Firstly,":[88],"results":[90],"corroborate":[91,157],"existence":[93],"wage":[96],"significant":[100],"difference":[101],"holding":[103],"positions":[104],"responsibility":[106],"media.":[109],"Furthermore,":[110],"collected":[113],"indicate":[114],"second":[116],"gap,":[117],"perception":[119],"influence":[122],"developing":[126],"professional":[128,135,155],"career.":[129],"In":[130],"general":[131],"terms,":[132],"concerns":[134],"much":[139],"greater":[140],"extent":[141],"than":[142],"men,":[143],"concern":[145],"reaffirmed":[148],"by":[149],"how":[150],"situation":[156],"these":[158],"perceptions.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-06-22T00:00:00"}