{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283073992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","title":"Russian information warfare in Estonia, and Estonian countermeasures","display_name":"Russian information warfare in Estonia, and Estonian countermeasures","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283073992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lasr/article/1929/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738759712","display_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","issn_l":"1648-8024","issn":["1648-8024","2335-870X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lasr/article/1929/file/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058950958","display_name":"Viljar Veebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-0134","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-0134"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800449768","display_name":"Estonian National Defense College","ror":"https://ror.org/008dewj11","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801681977","display_name":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/011fxed53","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153252","display_name":"Baltic Defence College","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkt9d51","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viljar Veebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltic Defence College","Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","Estonian Military Academy","Tartu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Defence College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977","https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Military Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tartu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001440899","display_name":"Illimar Ploom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-7553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2950-7553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800449768","display_name":"Estonian National Defense College","ror":"https://ror.org/008dewj11","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801681977","display_name":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/011fxed53","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153252","display_name":"Baltic Defence College","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkt9d51","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Illimar Ploom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","Baltic Defence College","Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","Estonian Military Academy","Tartu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Defence College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977","https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Military Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tartu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028516252","display_name":"Vladimir Sazonov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800449768","display_name":"Estonian National Defense College","ror":"https://ror.org/008dewj11","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801681977","display_name":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/011fxed53","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153252","display_name":"Baltic Defence College","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkt9d51","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56085075","display_name":"University of Tartu","ror":"https://ror.org/03z77qz90","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Sazonov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltic Defence College","Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","Estonian Military Academy","Tartu University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltic Defence College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Oriental Studies. Address: \u00dclikooli 18-226, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politi-cal Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Baltic Defence College, Riia 12-404, 51010, Estonia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Political Science and Strategic Studies. Address: Estonian Military Academy, Riia 12-302, 51010, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Academy of Security Sciences and associate professor at the University of Tartu,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801681977","https://openalex.org/I56085075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Military Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800449768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tartu University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56085075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95946155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14302","display_name":"European Politics and Security","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-information-warfare","display_name":"Russian information warfare","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estonia","display_name":"Estonia","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasures","display_name":"countermeasures","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberattacks","display_name":"cyberattacks","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-pressure","display_name":"economic pressure","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructivism","display_name":"constructivism","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-narratives","display_name":"conspiracy narratives","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russian-foreign-policy","display_name":"Russian foreign policy","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/red-lines","display_name":"red lines","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776092919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072","display_name":"Estonian","level":2,"score":0.7990020513534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.632882833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6327279210090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5968120694160461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5849325656890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.44304051995277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911036","display_name":"Information warfare","level":2,"score":0.4395579695701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.4339599311351776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.416507363319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3638927936553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.33264756202697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.329349160194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.27503466606140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.22193869948387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15349775552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14044639468193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13083133101463318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lasr/article/1929/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738759712","display_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","issn_l":"1648-8024","issn":["1648-8024","2335-870X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47459/lasr.2021.19.4","pdf_url":"https://journals.lka.lt/journal/lasr/article/1929/file/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738759712","display_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","issn_l":"1648-8024","issn":["1648-8024","2335-870X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320322","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter Open","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320322","https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter Open","De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lithuanian Annual Strategic Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283073992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283073992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W620042716","https://openalex.org/W1547253197","https://openalex.org/W2464357000","https://openalex.org/W2530590563","https://openalex.org/W2588490979","https://openalex.org/W2600250817","https://openalex.org/W2611634515","https://openalex.org/W2791844860","https://openalex.org/W2800745025","https://openalex.org/W2801129962","https://openalex.org/W2801388236","https://openalex.org/W2883967114","https://openalex.org/W2891150074","https://openalex.org/W2913077085","https://openalex.org/W2949536933","https://openalex.org/W2956134381","https://openalex.org/W3008959621","https://openalex.org/W3047705755","https://openalex.org/W3119260429","https://openalex.org/W3169790370","https://openalex.org/W4211180216","https://openalex.org/W4229647318","https://openalex.org/W4236713926","https://openalex.org/W7015971955"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283379172","https://openalex.org/W4300714576","https://openalex.org/W3182534420","https://openalex.org/W4205169759","https://openalex.org/W3000666143","https://openalex.org/W4392514405","https://openalex.org/W4312746584","https://openalex.org/W7220651674","https://openalex.org/W4403090627","https://openalex.org/W3040743580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Russian":[1],"federation":[2],"uses":[3,39],"several":[4,155],"tools":[5,139,168],"to":[6,9,44,59,96,160],"allow":[7],"it":[8,151],"place":[10],"pressure":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,60,68,83,92,117,121,130,161,174],"western":[14],"world":[15],"in":[16,35,42,57,128,144],"an":[17],"asymmetric":[18],"manner,":[19],"among":[20],"them":[21],"being":[22,79],"cyber-attacks,":[23],"economic":[24],"tools,":[25,164],"and":[26,50,71,99,173],"information-influence":[27],"campaigns.":[28],"These":[29],"instruments":[30,63],"are":[31],"especially":[32],"strongly":[33],"felt":[34],"Estonia.":[36],"This":[37],"article":[38],"Estonia\u2019s":[40],"example":[41],"order":[43],"delve":[45],"into":[46],"Russia\u2019s":[47,100],"political":[48,61,131],"goals":[49],"strategic":[51,147],"conduct.":[52],"Specifically,":[53],"analysis":[54],"is":[55],"provided":[56],"regard":[58],"context,":[62],"which":[64,140,157],"form":[65],"part":[66],"of":[67,77,86,105,115,120,146],"\u2018information":[69],"war\u2019,":[70],"any":[72],"effective":[73],"counter-measures,":[74],"with":[75,166],"all":[76,123],"this":[78],"carried":[80],"out":[81],"within":[82],"theoretical":[84],"framework":[85],"constructivism.":[87],"As":[88,133],"will":[89],"be":[90,142],"argued,":[91],"shift":[93],"from":[94],"European":[95],"Eurasian":[97],"power":[98],"carefully":[101],"crafted":[102],"management":[103],"process":[104,114],"not":[106],"exceeding":[107],"red":[108],"lines,":[109],"as":[110,112,170],"well":[111],"its":[113],"exploiting":[116],"socio-economic":[118],"weaknesses":[119],"west":[122],"play":[124],"a":[125],"relevant":[126],"role":[127],"understanding":[129],"context.":[132],"for":[134],"instruments,":[135],"Russia":[136],"has":[137,152],"developed":[138],"can":[141],"analysed":[143],"terms":[145],"conspiracy":[148],"narratives,":[149],"while":[150],"likewise":[153],"used":[154],"channels":[156],"lie":[158],"next":[159],"usual":[162],"media":[163],"along":[165],"policy":[167],"such":[169],"Pax":[171],"Russica":[172],"compatriot":[175],"policy.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-19T00:00:00"}