{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282915387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","title":"Artificial intelligence is breaking patent law","display_name":"Artificial intelligence is breaking patent law","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282915387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35610374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","pdf_url":"https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-022-01391-x/d41586-022-01391-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-022-01391-x/d41586-022-01391-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001020087","display_name":"Alexandra George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-0166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-0166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alexandra George is associate professor of law at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alexandra George is associate professor of law at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072902302","display_name":"Toby Walsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-8668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-8668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toby Walsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toby Walsh is professor of artificial intelligence at the University of New South Wales, Sydney; and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia","Toby Walsh is professor of artificial intelligence at the University of New South Wales, Sydney","the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toby Walsh is professor of artificial intelligence at the University of New South Wales, Sydney; and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toby Walsh is professor of artificial intelligence at the University of New South Wales, Sydney","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001020087","https://openalex.org/A5072902302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I31746571"],"apc_list":{"value":11390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":11390},"apc_paid":{"value":11390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":11390},"fwci":2.2572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89370044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"605","issue":"7911","first_page":"616","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-law","display_name":"patent law","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inventorship","display_name":"inventorship","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-agreements","display_name":"international treaties","score":0.49900001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.9026696681976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569","display_name":"Treaty","level":2,"score":0.7717981338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984145337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253623","display_name":"Patent law","level":3,"score":0.7661701440811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48247745633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.47468897700309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.4567514657974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14208553","display_name":"Invention","level":2,"score":0.41958850622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.41022711992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2650787830352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22597292065620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06763899326324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007878","descriptor_name":"Legislation as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010330","descriptor_name":"Patents as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","pdf_url":"https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-022-01391-x/d41586-022-01391-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35610374","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35610374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:605:y:2022:i:7911:d:10.1038_d41586-022-01391-x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-01391-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01391-x","pdf_url":"https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-022-01391-x/d41586-022-01391-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282915387.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282915387.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034694108","https://openalex.org/W3175794330","https://openalex.org/W6600481524","https://openalex.org/W6822895469","https://openalex.org/W6837566192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154021137","https://openalex.org/W4226088352","https://openalex.org/W7215440422","https://openalex.org/W2946672616","https://openalex.org/W6924415043","https://openalex.org/W7112308089","https://openalex.org/W4412530354","https://openalex.org/W3215882217","https://openalex.org/W4403036615","https://openalex.org/W3144709174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22],"patent":[1,23],"system":[2,24],"assumes":[3,25],"that":[4,26],"inventors":[5,27],"are":[6,28],"human.":[7,29],"Inventions":[8,30],"devised":[9,31],"by":[10,32],"machines":[11,33],"require":[12,34],"their":[13,35],"own":[14,36],"intellectual":[15,37],"property":[16,38],"law":[17,39],"and":[18,40],"an":[19,41],"international":[20,42],"treaty.":[21,43]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-06-16T00:00:00"}