{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282004591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","title":"Mean Age Theory in Continuous Casting Tundish","display_name":"Mean Age Theory in Continuous Casting Tundish","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282004591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68503223","display_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","issn_l":"1073-5615","issn":["1073-5615","1543-1916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048974733","display_name":"Dong-Yuan Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-7439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-7439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134465","display_name":"Westinghouse Electric (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/03htten57","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134465","https://openalex.org/I9217761"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Yuan Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden","Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB, 72163, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB, 72163, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134465"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048974733"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134465","https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":1.2742,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77026939,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"4","first_page":"2735","last_page":"2752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12560","display_name":"Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2104","display_name":"Nuclear Energy and Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tundish","display_name":"tundish","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-casting","display_name":"continuous casting","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melt-blending","display_name":"melt blending","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residence-time-distribution","display_name":"residence time distribution","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-control-devices","display_name":"flow control devices","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weirs","display_name":"weirs","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dams","display_name":"dams","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence-inhibitor","display_name":"turbulence inhibitor","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-model","display_name":"water model","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-fluid-dynamics","display_name":"computational fluid dynamics","score":0.8259999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7852890","display_name":"Tundish","level":3,"score":0.9894734621047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144058455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Residence time distribution","level":3,"score":0.8341429233551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780146601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1969588","display_name":"Ladle","level":2,"score":0.7204116582870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119049451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318070","display_name":"Water model","level":3,"score":0.6947147846221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.6609740257263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779684419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506832","display_name":"Continuous casting","level":2,"score":0.6004188060760498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63840607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1236263","display_name":"Dead zone","level":2,"score":0.5818630456924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5690476298332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.5618114471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49379977583885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775913793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Residence time (fluid dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.48033419251441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779276979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066997","display_name":"Weir","level":2,"score":0.4502250850200653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4112949073314667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37485820055007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35705816745758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26663392782211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.22034195065498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1386317014694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13352054357528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11319684982299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59593255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68503223","display_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","issn_l":"1073-5615","issn":["1073-5615","1543-1916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11663-022-02563-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68503223","display_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","issn_l":"1073-5615","issn":["1073-5615","1543-1916"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321135","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322509","display_name":"Kungliga Tekniska H\u00f6gskolan","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282004591.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282004591.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W630837345","https://openalex.org/W1540407696","https://openalex.org/W1740903350","https://openalex.org/W1961515460","https://openalex.org/W1972390819","https://openalex.org/W1981290843","https://openalex.org/W1991379617","https://openalex.org/W1992036823","https://openalex.org/W1994358004","https://openalex.org/W2010300074","https://openalex.org/W2020443726","https://openalex.org/W2025308560","https://openalex.org/W2025885536","https://openalex.org/W2032777079","https://openalex.org/W2035189446","https://openalex.org/W2035338450","https://openalex.org/W2053011242","https://openalex.org/W2057085884","https://openalex.org/W2059070761","https://openalex.org/W2062341866","https://openalex.org/W2075032974","https://openalex.org/W2087247549","https://openalex.org/W2089908989","https://openalex.org/W2107070838","https://openalex.org/W2151495966","https://openalex.org/W2175702498","https://openalex.org/W2325784639","https://openalex.org/W2331800289","https://openalex.org/W2467410138","https://openalex.org/W2553972843","https://openalex.org/W2744008313","https://openalex.org/W2783365241","https://openalex.org/W2801105221","https://openalex.org/W3089703780","https://openalex.org/W3108154350","https://openalex.org/W3122777962","https://openalex.org/W3152988286","https://openalex.org/W3162416753","https://openalex.org/W3201221806","https://openalex.org/W4200505703","https://openalex.org/W6606570038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317585773","https://openalex.org/W4384464630","https://openalex.org/W2778190747","https://openalex.org/W2105112042","https://openalex.org/W4292253626","https://openalex.org/W2810128341","https://openalex.org/W2089908989","https://openalex.org/W3123098225","https://openalex.org/W2426101846","https://openalex.org/W2151495966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Mean":[1,136],"age":[2,47,112,137],"theory":[3,26,94],"is":[4,52],"introduced":[5],"to":[6,58,87,144,167],"characterize":[7],"the":[8,15,31,40,62,66,72,76,89,92,141,159],"mixing":[9,42],"performance":[10,56],"of":[11,18,39,91,103,147,161],"tundish":[12,32,67,98],"based":[13],"on":[14,45],"spatial":[16],"distribution":[17,25,133],"tracer\u2019s":[19],"mean":[20,46,111],"age.":[21],"Conventional":[22],"residence":[23,131],"time":[24,132,143],"was":[27,114],"widely":[28],"used":[29],"in":[30,65,95,121,150,164],"analysis;":[33],"however,":[34],"it":[35],"contains":[36],"no":[37],"information":[38],"local":[41],"states.":[43],"Based":[44],"distribution,":[48],"melt":[49,64,74],"change":[50],"efficiency":[51],"defined":[53],"as":[54],"a":[55,96,168],"index":[57],"evaluate":[59],"how":[60],"quickly":[61],"old":[63],"can":[68,139],"be":[69],"replaced":[70],"by":[71,117],"young":[73],"from":[75],"ladle.":[77],"Case":[78],"studies,":[79],"divided":[80],"into":[81],"three":[82],"groups,":[83],"were":[84],"carried":[85],"out":[86],"test":[88],"applicability":[90],"new":[93],"single-strand":[97],"with":[99,119,152],"flow":[100],"control":[101],"devices":[102],"weir,":[104],"dam":[105],"and":[106,124],"turbulence":[107],"inhibitor.":[108],"The":[109],"developed":[110],"model":[113,123,138],"well":[115],"validated":[116],"comparison":[118,151],"measurement":[120],"water":[122],"computational":[125],"fluid":[126],"dynamics":[127],"(CFD)":[128],"results":[129],"using":[130],"(RTD)":[134],"model.":[135],"reduce":[140],"computing":[142],"two":[145],"orders":[146],"magnitude":[148],"less":[149],"conventional":[153],"transient":[154],"RTD":[155],"model,":[156],"which":[157],"improves":[158],"feasibility":[160],"CFD":[162],"modelling":[163],"parameter":[165],"studies":[166],"broader":[169],"extent.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}