{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281878073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p","title":"737-P: Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) to Estimate the Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular (CV) Outcomes in Race/Ethnicity Subgroups: Post Hoc Analysis of LEADER","display_name":"737-P: Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE) to Estimate the Effect of Liraglutide on Cardiovascular (CV) Outcomes in Race/Ethnicity Subgroups: Post Hoc Analysis of LEADER","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281878073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2337/db22-737-p","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066123077","display_name":"David Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-8152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9413-8152"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DAVID CHEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064854204","display_name":"Trine Julie Abrahamsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-2623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4508-2623"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TRINE J. ABRAHAMSEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017846500","display_name":"LAUREN E.E. DANG","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LAUREN E.E. DANG","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"JACK LAWSON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JACK LAWSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059098934","display_name":"Richard E. Pratley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-1389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2912-1389"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RICHARD E. PRATLEY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley, CA, S\u00f8borg, Denmark, Orlando, FL","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09272273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"Supplement_1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.4560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.4560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.15600000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.15600000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liraglutide","display_name":"liraglutide","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-outcomes","display_name":"cardiovascular outcomes","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-adverse-cardiovascular-events","display_name":"major adverse cardiovascular events","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"targeted maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/super-learner","display_name":"super learner","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leader-trial","display_name":"LEADER trial","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-effect-estimation","display_name":"treatment effect estimation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-power","display_name":"statistical power","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-groups","display_name":"underrepresented groups","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.652308464050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6303038597106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5984980463981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5816059708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4952789843082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.4911138713359833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67761136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2105849","display_name":"Post-hoc analysis","level":2,"score":0.44367387890815735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.40939557552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.13322588801383972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.12808829545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10984286665916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2337/db22-737-p","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-737-p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S129060628","display_name":"Diabetes","issn_l":"0012-1797","issn":["0012-1797","1939-327X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320274","host_organization_name":"American Diabetes Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320274"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Diabetes Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161594740","https://openalex.org/W4289785548","https://openalex.org/W4362577316","https://openalex.org/W1488660595","https://openalex.org/W4308935888","https://openalex.org/W4309705310","https://openalex.org/W7160272872","https://openalex.org/W2756475937","https://openalex.org/W2049016756","https://openalex.org/W6987503834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Important":[0],"race/ethnicity":[1,93,146,201],"subgroups":[2,94],"at":[3,85],"high":[4],"risk":[5,78],"of":[6,21,40,61,80,192],"CV":[7,15,83,197],"disease":[8],"are":[9,26,123],"underrepresented":[10],"in":[11,95,144,155,171,179,199],"type":[12],"2":[13],"diabetes":[14],"outcomes":[16,198],"trials,":[17],"limiting":[18],"the":[19,57,62,65,106,138,158,167,172,180,189],"strength":[20],"conclusions":[22],"drawn.":[23],"Until":[24],"data":[25,52,63,185],"available,":[27],"TMLE":[28,47,100,148],"may":[29],"be":[30,134],"more":[31,70],"efficient":[32],"than":[33],"conventional":[34],"analysis,":[35],"giving":[36],"a":[37],"better":[38],"estimation":[39],"treatment":[41,153],"effects":[42,154,191],"to":[43,64,105,150,165],"support":[44],"clinical":[45],"decision-making.":[46],"makes":[48],"minimal":[49],"assumptions":[50],"on":[51,188,196],"distribution":[53],"and":[54,72,113,121,129],"prioritizes":[55],"fitting":[56],"most":[58],"salient":[59],"parts":[60],"statistical":[66],"estimand,":[67],"thus":[68],"producing":[69],"precise":[71],"less":[73],"biased":[74],"estimates.":[75],"Relative":[76],"cumulative":[77],"(RR)":[79],"major":[81],"adverse":[82],"events":[84,128],"4":[86],"years":[87],"with":[88],"liraglutide":[89,193],"vs.":[90,194],"placebo":[91,195],"for":[92,126],"LEADER":[96],"was":[97,141,175],"estimated":[98],"by":[99],"+":[101],"super":[102],"learner.":[103],"Comparison":[104],"original":[107,139],"Cox":[108],"regression":[109],"hazard":[110],"ratio":[111],"(HR)":[112],"unadjusted":[114],"Kaplan-Meier":[115],"RR":[116,120,170],"is":[117],"shown.":[118],"Although":[119],"HR":[122,140],"different":[124],"estimands,":[125],"rare":[127],"proportional":[130],"hazards":[131],"they":[132],"can":[133],"numerically":[135],"close.":[136],"While":[137],"not":[142],"significant":[143,152],"any":[145],"subgroups,":[147],"led":[149],"statistically":[151],"all":[156],"but":[157],"\u2018Black\u2019":[159,173],"subgroup":[160,174],"(Figure)":[161],".":[162,183],"Statistical":[163],"power":[164],"detect":[166],"full":[168],"population":[169],"0.13":[176],"(vs.":[177],"0.70":[178],"\u2018White\u2019":[181],"subgroup)":[182],"These":[184],"provide":[186],"reassurance":[187],"beneficial":[190],"underpowered":[200],"subgroups.":[202],"Disclosure":[203],"D.Chen:":[204],"None.":[205],"T.J.Abrahamsen:":[206],"Employee;":[207,221],"Novo":[208,212,218,222,243,258],"Nordisk":[209,213,223,259],"A/S,":[210],"Stock/Shareholder;":[211],"A/S.":[214,224],"L.E.E.Dang:":[215],"Research":[216],"Support;":[217],"Nordisk.":[219],"J.Lawson:":[220],"R.E.Pratley:":[225],"Other":[226],"Relationship;":[227],"Bayer":[228],"AG,":[229],"Corcept":[230],"Therapeutics,":[231],"Dexcom,":[232],"Inc.,":[233,241,246,252],"Hanmi":[234],"Pharm.":[235],"Co.,":[236,240],"Ltd.,":[237],"Merck":[238],"&":[239],"Metavention,":[242],"Nordisk,":[244],"Pfizer":[245],"Poxel":[247],"SA,":[248],"Sanofi,":[249],"Scohia":[250],"Pharma":[251],"Sun":[253],"Pharmaceutical":[254],"Industries":[255],"Ltd.":[256],"Funding":[257],"A/S":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}