{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281877280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053","title":"Upgrading rural footpaths to motorcycle taxi tracks in rural sub-Saharan Africa","display_name":"Upgrading rural footpaths to motorcycle taxi tracks in rural sub-Saharan Africa","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281877280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1680/jcien.22.00053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230910","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0965-089X","issn":["0965-089X","1751-7672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60267","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084222050","display_name":"Krijn Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-375X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-375X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","display_name":"Swansea University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fq8t95","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krijn Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Development and Transport Services, Swansea University, Swansea, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Development and Transport Services, Swansea University, Swansea, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jim Clarke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barefoot Engineering, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barefoot Engineering, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64618801,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"175","issue":"6","first_page":"64","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.26930001378059387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12147","display_name":"Urban and Rural Development Challenges","score":0.26930001378059387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.16590000689029694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Road Transport and Highway Systems","score":0.11010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motorcycle-taxis","display_name":"motorcycle taxis","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/track-construction","display_name":"track construction","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-transport-infrastructure","display_name":"rural transport infrastructure","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-based-infrastructure","display_name":"community-based infrastructure","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contractor-training","display_name":"contractor training","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-livelihoods","display_name":"rural livelihoods","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-employment","display_name":"rural employment","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-isolation","display_name":"rural isolation","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberia","display_name":"Liberia","score":0.7379999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.8442833423614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183373512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949618","display_name":"Taxis","level":2,"score":0.7516257166862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5110493898391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.4925723671913147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46230971813201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.43186426162719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.43132591247558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778765","display_name":"Social isolation","level":2,"score":0.4212421178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89992363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5961558","display_name":"Track (disk drive)","level":2,"score":0.4193948209285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4069496691226959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3780827522277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.34746143221855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24980971217155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21487733721733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.11895382404327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10565522313117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.07965198159217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06842735409736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06732937693595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1680/jcien.22.00053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jcien.22.00053","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230910","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering","issn_l":"0965-089X","issn":["0965-089X","1751-7672"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311678","host_organization_name":"ICE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ICE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa60267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cronfa.swan.ac.uk:cronfa60267","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401612","display_name":"Cronfa (Swansea University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39586589","host_organization_name":"Swansea University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39586589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5217000246047974,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G602082178","display_name":"At the end of the feeder road: assessing the impact of track construction for motorbike taxis on agrarian development in Liberia","funder_award_id":"ES/M008908/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8019883136","display_name":"Finding traction: using an 'upgrading footpaths to motorcycle taxi accessible tracks' construction and maintenance manual to increase impact and reach","funder_award_id":"ES/T016000/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827586593","https://openalex.org/W2059863563","https://openalex.org/W2082878653","https://openalex.org/W2536421978","https://openalex.org/W2657628397","https://openalex.org/W2799554165","https://openalex.org/W2800742867","https://openalex.org/W2808028787","https://openalex.org/W2954934578","https://openalex.org/W2993610329","https://openalex.org/W3082693215"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082693215","https://openalex.org/W2536421978","https://openalex.org/W7015830738","https://openalex.org/W2777296050","https://openalex.org/W3111088961","https://openalex.org/W7048594300","https://openalex.org/W4411088751","https://openalex.org/W2190544756","https://openalex.org/W2887009916","https://openalex.org/W2594831342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motorcycle":[0],"taxis":[1],"have":[2],"rapidly":[3],"expanded":[4],"throughout":[5],"sub-Saharan":[6],"Africa,":[7],"providing":[8],"many":[9],"with":[10],"affordable":[11],"improved":[12],"access":[13],"to":[14,25,43,74],"essential":[15],"services.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"reports":[19],"on":[20],"a":[21,41,69],"project":[22],"in":[23,32,40,47],"2021":[24],"convert":[26],"footpaths":[27],"into":[28],"motorcycle":[29],"taxi":[30],"tracks":[31],"central":[33],"Liberia.":[34],"Its":[35],"community-based":[36],"approach":[37],"was":[38],"documented":[39],"manual":[42],"train":[44],"future":[45],"contractors":[46],"both":[48],"the":[49,78],"technical":[50],"and":[51,62,67,71,83],"social":[52],"dimensions":[53],"of":[54,80],"track":[55],"construction.":[56],"The":[57],"construction":[58],"methodology":[59],"is":[60],"presented":[61],"discussed.":[63],"It":[64],"gives":[65],"governments":[66],"donors":[68],"unique":[70],"significant":[72],"opportunity":[73],"address":[75],"isolation,":[76],"improve":[77],"livelihoods":[79],"rural":[81],"people":[82],"create":[84],"more":[85],"employment":[86],"opportunities":[87],"for":[88],"Africa\u2019s":[89],"young":[90],"population.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}