{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281829917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interac- tions: a UK Biobank study","display_name":"Parkinson\u2019s disease determinants, prediction and gene-environment interac- tions: a UK Biobank study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281829917","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134773490","display_name":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry","issn_l":"0022-3050","issn":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023788967","display_name":"Daniel Belete","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-962X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-962X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263501","display_name":"Blizard Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01y7pzx08","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Belete","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London","Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015867661","display_name":"Benjamin M. Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-6010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-6010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Meir Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056651699","display_name":"Jonathan Paul Bestwick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-8616","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3088-8616"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan P Bestwick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016778416","display_name":"Ruth Dobson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-585X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-585X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Dobson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020514779","display_name":"John Hardy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-0423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-0423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260083","display_name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology","ror":"https://ror.org/0370htr03","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Hardy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015754502","display_name":"Gavin Giovannoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-1700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263501","display_name":"Blizard Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01y7pzx08","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gavin Giovannoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London","Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063335320","display_name":"Andrew John Lees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-4385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2476-4385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260083","display_name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology","ror":"https://ror.org/0370htr03","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Lees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, UCL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, UCL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071609742","display_name":"Anette E. Schrag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-6680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-6680"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260083","display_name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology","ror":"https://ror.org/0370htr03","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anette Schrag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, UCL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, UCL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052101031","display_name":"Alastair John Noyce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-5497","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-5497"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alastair J Noyce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and Queen Mary University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08104138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"93","issue":"6","first_page":"A7.3","last_page":"A8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13991","display_name":"Nuclear Receptors and Signaling","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinson-s-disease","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"polygenic risk score","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-environment-interaction","display_name":"gene-environment interaction","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menarche","display_name":"menarche","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-history-medicine","display_name":"family history (medicine)","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime-somnolence","display_name":"daytime somnolence","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"epilepsy","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"dementia","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prodromal-symptoms","display_name":"prodromal symptoms","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uk-biobank","display_name":"UK Biobank","score":0.7260000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116567970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864217","display_name":"Biobank","level":2,"score":0.7251750230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5854606628417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5820046067237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5285205841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5244060754776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781179581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2857712","display_name":"Family history","level":2,"score":0.4621238708496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027971","display_name":"Decile","level":2,"score":0.42700934410095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204452808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370668","display_name":"Rotterdam Study","level":3,"score":0.4262252748012543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.41412025690078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.38706162571907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3449013829231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3277038037776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3129803538322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14029324054718018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-abn.21","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134773490","display_name":"Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry","issn_l":"0022-3050","issn":["0022-3050","1468-330X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/103846","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/103846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5331993534","display_name":"UK Biobank (core renewal)","funder_award_id":"MC_PC_17228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087304580","https://openalex.org/W3087109094","https://openalex.org/W4390496681","https://openalex.org/W3193935983","https://openalex.org/W4389943831","https://openalex.org/W4403026498","https://openalex.org/W4389449953","https://openalex.org/W1998342470","https://openalex.org/W2136403963","https://openalex.org/W6945758003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Early":[1],"identification":[2],"of":[3,7,16,27,40,47,67,89,101,127,145,164,175,184,196],"individuals":[4],"at":[5,25],"high-risk":[6],"Parkinson\u2019s":[8],"disease":[9,17],"(PD)":[10],"may":[11],"allow":[12],"for":[13,64,150],"the":[14,51,119,133,161,182,194],"use":[15],"modifying":[18],"treatments.":[19],"We":[20,43,159],"aimed":[21],"to":[22,130],"define":[23],"those":[24,131],"risk":[26,34,76,126],"incident":[28,45],"PD":[29,48,59,97,102,128],"through":[30],"environmental":[31],"and":[32,37,54,74,98,114,136,156,171,192],"genetic":[33,189],"factors,":[35],"comorbidities":[36],"prodromal":[38],"symptoms":[39],"PD.":[41,173],"Methods":[42],"identified":[44],"cases":[46],"(n=1276)":[49],"in":[50,118,132],"UK":[52],"Biobank":[53],"unmatched":[55],"controls":[56],"without":[57],"a":[58,65,151,165],"diagnosis":[60],"(n=500,406).":[61],"Odds":[62],"ratios":[63],"range":[66],"determinants":[68],"were":[69,79,84,139],"calculated.":[70],"A":[71],"non-genetic":[72],"model":[73],"polygenic":[75],"score":[77],"(PRS)":[78],"constructed.":[80],"Basic":[81],"gene-environment":[82,176],"interactions":[83,177],"explored.":[85],"Results":[86],"Strong":[87],"evidence":[88,149,180],"association":[90,167],"(FDR":[91],"<":[92],"0.05)":[93],"was":[94,148],"found":[95,178],"between":[96,154,168],"family":[99],"history":[100],"or":[103],"dementia,":[104],"not":[105],"smoking,":[106],"low":[107],"alcohol":[108],"consumption,":[109],"depression,":[110],"daytime":[111],"somnolence,":[112],"epilepsy":[113],"earlier":[115,143,169],"menarche.":[116],"Individuals":[117],"top":[120],"PRS":[121],"decile":[122],"had":[123],"an":[124,142,200],"increased":[125,172],"compared":[129],"lowest":[134],"decline":[135],"high":[137],"scores":[138],"associated":[140],"with":[141],"age":[144],"diagnosis.":[146],"There":[147],"strong":[152,166,179],"interaction":[153],"diabetes":[155,185],"PRS.":[157],"Discussion":[158],"report":[160],"novel":[162],"finding":[163],"menarche":[170],"Analysis":[174],"that":[181],"effect":[183],"is":[186,199],"modified":[187],"by":[188],"risk.":[190],"Replication":[191],"understanding":[193],"mechanism":[195],"this":[197],"observation":[198],"important":[201],"next":[202],"step.":[203],"d.belete@nhs.net":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}