{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281790356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","title":"Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India\u2019s Informal Sector Firms","display_name":"Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship: India\u2019s Informal Sector Firms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281790356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054625309","display_name":"Ira N. Gang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-8798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-8798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ira N. Gang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economics Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economics Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021539015","display_name":"Rajesh Raj Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-7135","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8363-7135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43475992","display_name":"Sikkim University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wa05t61","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43475992"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Raj Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Sikkim\u00a0University, Gangtok, Sikkim"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Sikkim\u00a0University, Gangtok, Sikkim","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43475992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039901355","display_name":"Kunal Sen A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-6619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5439-6619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32309878","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32309878","https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunal Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNU-WIDER, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32309878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021539015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43475992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9674,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9739871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"1383","last_page":"1402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13744","display_name":"Financial Literacy and Behavior","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-inclusion","display_name":"financial inclusion","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-economy","display_name":"informal economy","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-finance","display_name":"access to finance","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/india","display_name":"India","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/banking-expansion","display_name":"banking expansion","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-constraints","display_name":"financial constraints","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60852","display_name":"Financial inclusion","level":3,"score":0.8620738983154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778430866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3061848","display_name":"Unbanked","level":4,"score":0.7945816516876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780082420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672483","display_name":"Access to finance","level":2,"score":0.7636458873748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7566337585449219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64089585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944235","display_name":"Informal sector","level":2,"score":0.6795825362205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.6116266250610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5333115458488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.5190920829772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.5157516002655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5051680207252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.4298439621925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Female entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.42823177576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.4258451461791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42510080337524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38421154022216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.35916417837142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.34956851601600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.2962467074394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08608776330947876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/70324299-719b-4116-8d8c-7822e0dabac0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/70324299-719b-4116-8d8c-7822e0dabac0","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/293628195/Finance_Gender_and_Entrepreneurship_India_s_Informal_Sector_Firms.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gang, I N, Natarajan, R & Sen, K 2022, 'Finance, Gender, and Entrepreneurship : India\u2019s Informal Sector Firms', The Journal of Development Studies, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1383-1402. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:jdevst:v:58:y:2022:i:7:p:1383-1402","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00220388.2022.2061855?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61808140","display_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","issn_l":"0022-0388","issn":["0022-0388","1743-9140"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Development Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.9444000124931335,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.666700005531311,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333317","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281790356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281790356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130400804","https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W1480382470","https://openalex.org/W1830434703","https://openalex.org/W1907256313","https://openalex.org/W1964383457","https://openalex.org/W1995410581","https://openalex.org/W2000725467","https://openalex.org/W2001458646","https://openalex.org/W2004055062","https://openalex.org/W2023427475","https://openalex.org/W2028968549","https://openalex.org/W2035353323","https://openalex.org/W2070032729","https://openalex.org/W2072955061","https://openalex.org/W2092783476","https://openalex.org/W2125826975","https://openalex.org/W2129135300","https://openalex.org/W2134718359","https://openalex.org/W2135221194","https://openalex.org/W2136777360","https://openalex.org/W2150952063","https://openalex.org/W2161476428","https://openalex.org/W2165292021","https://openalex.org/W2170050404","https://openalex.org/W2259888878","https://openalex.org/W2568310730","https://openalex.org/W2780430109","https://openalex.org/W2890041919","https://openalex.org/W2912146747","https://openalex.org/W3024909371","https://openalex.org/W3122800680","https://openalex.org/W3123526692","https://openalex.org/W3123582324","https://openalex.org/W3124762495","https://openalex.org/W3125068865","https://openalex.org/W3125601827","https://openalex.org/W4238709896","https://openalex.org/W4239741251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898070544","https://openalex.org/W4388187679","https://openalex.org/W2964178707","https://openalex.org/W4389028935","https://openalex.org/W4394684503","https://openalex.org/W7166559956","https://openalex.org/W7170419987","https://openalex.org/W7171170912","https://openalex.org/W7221258833","https://openalex.org/W4382787051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"does":[1],"informal":[2,26,93,144],"economic":[3,27],"activity":[4,28],"respond":[5],"to":[6,17,102,132],"increased":[7,128],"financial":[8,87,109,129],"inclusion?":[9],"Does":[10,15],"it":[11],"become":[12],"more":[13],"entrepreneurial?":[14],"access":[16,88],"new":[18],"financing":[19],"options":[20],"change":[21],"the":[22,72,83,143],"gender":[23],"configuration":[24],"of":[25,41,63,66,86,108,136],"and,":[29],"if":[30],"so,":[31],"in":[32,45,89,96,142],"what":[33,36],"ways":[34],"and":[35,47,75,105,118],"directions?":[37],"We":[38,77],"take":[39],"advantage":[40],"nationwide":[42],"data":[43],"collected":[44],"2010/11":[46],"2015/16":[48],"by":[49],"India\u2019s":[50],"National":[51],"Sample":[52],"Survey":[53],"Office":[54],"on":[55],"unorganized":[56],"(informal)":[57],"enterprises.":[58],"This":[59],"period":[60],"was":[61],"one":[62],"rapid":[64],"expansion":[65],"banking":[67],"availability":[68],"aimed":[69],"particularly":[70],"at":[71],"unbanked,":[73],"under-banked,":[74],"women.":[76],"find":[78,124],"strong":[79],"empirical":[80],"evidence":[81,126],"supporting":[82],"crucial":[84],"role":[85],"promoting":[90],"entrepreneurship":[91],"among":[92],"sector":[94],"firms":[95],"India.":[97],"Our":[98],"results":[99],"are":[100],"robust":[101],"alternative":[103,106],"specifications":[104],"measures":[107],"constraints":[110],"using":[111],"an":[112],"approach":[113],"combining":[114],"propensity":[115],"score":[116],"matching":[117],"difference-in-differences.":[119],"However,":[120],"we":[121],"do":[122],"not":[123],"conclusive":[125],"that":[127],"inclusion":[130],"leads":[131],"a":[133],"higher":[134],"likelihood":[135],"women":[137],"becoming":[138],"entrepreneurs":[139],"than":[140],"men":[141],"sector.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}
