{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281778024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","title":"An Improved Empirical Model for Estimating the Geometry of the Soil Wetting Front with Surface Drip Irrigation","display_name":"An Improved Empirical Model for Estimating the Geometry of the Soil Wetting Front with Surface Drip Irrigation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281778024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14111827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/11/1827/pdf?version=1654576197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/11/1827/pdf?version=1654576197","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020932319","display_name":"Irouri Crist\u00f3bal-Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-1394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-1394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31466659","display_name":"Chapingo Autonomous University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctjby61","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irouri Crist\u00f3bal-Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programa de Posgrado de Ingenier\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y Uso Integral del Agua, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-1394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de Posgrado de Ingenier\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y Uso Integral del Agua, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011016777","display_name":"Jorge V\u00edctor Prado-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-1661","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-1661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31466659","display_name":"Chapingo Autonomous University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctjby61","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge V\u00edctor Prado-Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico","Programa de Posgrado de Ingenier\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y Uso Integral del Agua, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-1661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programa de Posgrado de Ingenier\u00eda Agr\u00edcola y Uso Integral del Agua, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010998494","display_name":"Antonio Mart\u00ednez Ru\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-4651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-4651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086193","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias","ror":"https://ror.org/00r6gdp61","country_code":"MX","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086193"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Mart\u00ednez-Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Tecamachalco, Puebla CP 75484, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-4651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agr\u00edcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Tecamachalco, Puebla CP 75484, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002532124","display_name":"Ferm\u00edn Pascual Ram\u00edrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-9597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-9597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferm\u00edn Pascual-Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico\u2014Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a P\u00e1tzcuaro 8701, Morelia CP 58190, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-9597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico\u2014Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a P\u00e1tzcuaro 8701, Morelia CP 58190, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077721129","display_name":"David Crist\u00f3bal-Acevedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-5504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-5504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31466659","display_name":"Chapingo Autonomous University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctjby61","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Crist\u00f3bal-Acevedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Suelos, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo, Texcoco CP 56230, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31466659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065229373","display_name":"David Crist\u00f3bal-Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Crist\u00f3bal-Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Chair Group, Biosystems Engineering Department, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Chair Group, Biosystems Engineering Department, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010998494","https://openalex.org/A5011016777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31466659","https://openalex.org/I4210086193"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"fwci":1.7522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82013875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"1827","last_page":"1827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10716","display_name":"Soil and Unsaturated Flow","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-drip-irrigation","display_name":"surface drip irrigation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-model","display_name":"empirical model","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emitter-spacing","display_name":"emitter spacing","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-scheduling","display_name":"irrigation scheduling","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discharge-rate","display_name":"discharge rate","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initial-soil-water-content","display_name":"initial soil moisture","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandy-clay-loam","display_name":"sandy clay loam soil","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-conductivity","display_name":"hydraulic conductivity","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-matter-content","display_name":"organic matter content","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-measurement","display_name":"soil moisture measurement","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152453397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746694","display_name":"Drip irrigation","level":3,"score":0.8782283067703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.7163306474685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144144481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742350","display_name":"Permanent wilting point","level":4,"score":0.715012788772583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.558774471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134514944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817136","display_name":"Wetting","level":2,"score":0.5252786874771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.5007274150848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.46452510356903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41478065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645983","display_name":"Surface irrigation","level":3,"score":0.44314900040626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4430920481681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.42032700777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128871136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190625","display_name":"Pressure head","level":2,"score":0.4185541570186615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4108823239803314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27934549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402691","display_name":"Field capacity","level":3,"score":0.36403363943099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.32854458689689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32562190294265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2650330662727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.19088837504386902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10943040251731873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.09004774689674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0871480405330658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14111827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/11/1827/pdf?version=1654576197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/w14111827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w14111827","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/11/1827/pdf?version=1654576197","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S134216166","display_name":"Water","issn_l":"2073-4441","issn":["2073-4441"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5666999816894531,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311335","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Chapingo","ror":"https://ror.org/04ctjby61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281778024.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281778024.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W321002840","https://openalex.org/W1509670539","https://openalex.org/W1552176732","https://openalex.org/W1965823539","https://openalex.org/W1971401670","https://openalex.org/W1980093652","https://openalex.org/W1980965960","https://openalex.org/W1987557628","https://openalex.org/W2004496484","https://openalex.org/W2021088831","https://openalex.org/W2023229963","https://openalex.org/W2035787471","https://openalex.org/W2047884674","https://openalex.org/W2048568378","https://openalex.org/W2050048554","https://openalex.org/W2055761076","https://openalex.org/W2068440278","https://openalex.org/W2069976799","https://openalex.org/W2071352654","https://openalex.org/W2077507784","https://openalex.org/W2077733272","https://openalex.org/W2081059972","https://openalex.org/W2083735459","https://openalex.org/W2104579677","https://openalex.org/W2121895253","https://openalex.org/W2134447962","https://openalex.org/W2136909616","https://openalex.org/W2150809131","https://openalex.org/W2162604832","https://openalex.org/W2186917522","https://openalex.org/W2209983913","https://openalex.org/W2289492638","https://openalex.org/W2418782591","https://openalex.org/W2421881503","https://openalex.org/W2428622782","https://openalex.org/W2738508175","https://openalex.org/W2761461115","https://openalex.org/W2791383732","https://openalex.org/W2805781159","https://openalex.org/W2918039112","https://openalex.org/W2988759349","https://openalex.org/W3174265376","https://openalex.org/W3212911708","https://openalex.org/W4230289432","https://openalex.org/W6679643140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2428622782","https://openalex.org/W4297199112","https://openalex.org/W4383671715","https://openalex.org/W4406696005","https://openalex.org/W4387540084","https://openalex.org/W2376256502","https://openalex.org/W2604917906","https://openalex.org/W4313410822","https://openalex.org/W3101873517","https://openalex.org/W2034144480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wetting":[0],"pattern":[1],"geometry":[2],"is":[3,129,165],"useful":[4,174],"in":[5,15,37,45,52,186],"determining":[6],"the":[7,12,29,34,114,118,127,148,156,177],"spacing":[8],"between":[9,95],"emitters":[10],"and":[11,31,69,77,88,99,102,113,121,153,158,167,169,179],"irrigation":[13,17,40,79,103,184],"time":[14],"drip":[16,39,183],"systems.":[18],"This":[19],"research":[20],"aimed":[21],"to":[22,27,65,75,107,191],"generate":[23],"an":[24],"empirical":[25,139],"model":[26,133,164],"estimate":[28],"width":[30],"depth":[32],"of":[33,83,144,181,193],"wetting":[35,119],"front":[36,120],"surface":[38,182],"based":[41],"on":[42],"experimental":[43,111],"tests":[44],"a":[46,55,172],"cube-shaped":[47],"container":[48],"with":[49,54,60,141,188],"transparent":[50],"walls":[51],"soils":[53,187],"sandy":[56],"clay":[57],"loam":[58],"texture,":[59],"hydraulic":[61],"conductivities":[62],"from":[63,73,105],"2.316":[64],"3.945":[66],"cm":[67,146],"h\u22121,":[68,91],"organic":[70],"matter":[71],"contents":[72],"1.7":[74],"2.8%,":[76],"different":[78],"conditions:":[80],"discharge":[81],"rates":[82],"1.44,":[84],"2.90,":[85],"3.00,":[86],"3.75,":[87],"4.00":[89],"L":[90],"initial":[92],"moisture":[93,123],"levels":[94],"permanent":[96],"wilting":[97],"point":[98],"field":[100],"capacity,":[101],"times":[104],"0.58":[106],"9.50":[108],"h.":[109],"The":[110,131,162],"conditions":[112,189],"strategy":[115],"for":[116,147,155,176],"measuring":[117],"soil":[122],"are":[124],"detailed":[125],"so":[126],"experiment":[128],"verifiable.":[130],"proposed":[132],"performed":[134],"better":[135],"than":[136],"five":[137],"other":[138],"models,":[140],"average":[142],"values":[143],"3":[145],"root":[149],"mean":[150],"square":[151],"error":[152],"0.88":[154],"Nash":[157],"Sutcliffe":[159],"efficiency":[160],"coefficient.":[161],"generated":[163],"efficient":[166],"simple":[168],"can":[170],"be":[171],"very":[173],"tool":[175],"design":[178],"operation":[180],"systems":[185],"similar":[190],"those":[192],"this":[194],"study.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}
