{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281774147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","title":"Faster R-CNN Algorithm for Detection of Plastic Garbage in the Ocean: A Case for Turtle Preservation","display_name":"Faster R-CNN Algorithm for Detection of Plastic Garbage in the Ocean: A Case for Turtle Preservation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281774147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/3639222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/3639222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178238111","display_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","issn_l":"1024-123X","issn":["1024-123X","1026-7077","1563-5147"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/3639222.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748014","display_name":"Muhammad Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405275774","display_name":"STMIK Profesional Makassar","ror":"https://ror.org/04912k679","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405275774"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika Dan Komputer Profesional, A.P Petarani No. 27 Road, Makassar 90231, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika Dan Komputer Profesional, A.P Petarani No. 27 Road, Makassar 90231, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405275774"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012050966","display_name":"Sushovan Chaudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-2654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-2654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1296725772","display_name":"University of Engineering & Management","ror":"https://ror.org/02decng19","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1296725772"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushovan Chaudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-2654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1296725772"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103232822","display_name":"K. Sakthidasan Sankaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-0809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-0809","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-8400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43663321","display_name":"Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/037tgdn13","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sakthidasan Sankaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-0809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43663321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061441269","display_name":"S Raghavendra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-3916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-3916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Raghavendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-3916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087854462","display_name":"R. Jothi Chitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-7746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-7746"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105562","display_name":"Velammal Educational Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01cphbs04","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105562"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Jothi Chitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Velammal Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8210-7746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Velammal Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073741941","display_name":"Malathi Eswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-4839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-4839"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malathi Eswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology\u2013PG, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-4839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology\u2013PG, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009319693","display_name":"Rajasekhar Boddu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-206X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-206X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153487414","display_name":"Haramaya University","ror":"https://ror.org/059yk7s89","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajasekhar Boddu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-206X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computing and Informatics, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153487414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009319693","https://openalex.org/A5061441269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153487414","https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2550},"fwci":2.1584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89283193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2022","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10753","display_name":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-waste-detection","display_name":"plastic waste detection","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-plastic-pollution","display_name":"marine plastic pollution","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-bottles","display_name":"plastic bottles","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plastic-bags","display_name":"plastic bags","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turtle-conservation","display_name":"turtle conservation","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-debris","display_name":"marine litter","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faster-r-cnn","display_name":"Faster R-CNN","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-robotics","display_name":"underwater robotics","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7320255637168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.6683504581451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5845227241516113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5082097053527832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5010161399841309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910190658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757946","display_name":"Plastic bottle","level":3,"score":0.45529842376708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3481086492538452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19276079535484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32236832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80228","display_name":"Bottle","level":2,"score":0.10846400260925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/3639222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/3639222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178238111","display_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","issn_l":"1024-123X","issn":["1024-123X","1026-7077","1563-5147"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hin:jnlmpe:3639222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/3639222.xml","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2022/3639222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3639222","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2022/3639222.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178238111","display_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","issn_l":"1024-123X","issn":["1024-123X","1026-7077","1563-5147"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Problems in Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5171999931335449}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281774147.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281774147.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2520021589","https://openalex.org/W2542853678","https://openalex.org/W2546710582","https://openalex.org/W2612449331","https://openalex.org/W2781991001","https://openalex.org/W2796154356","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2807119280","https://openalex.org/W2885062954","https://openalex.org/W2890516925","https://openalex.org/W2900585446","https://openalex.org/W2947317319","https://openalex.org/W2963921921","https://openalex.org/W2968402026","https://openalex.org/W2976292222","https://openalex.org/W2986445670","https://openalex.org/W2991352157","https://openalex.org/W2991610049","https://openalex.org/W2992834731","https://openalex.org/W2999607073","https://openalex.org/W3006217902","https://openalex.org/W3008125552","https://openalex.org/W3016480885","https://openalex.org/W3017325269","https://openalex.org/W3042670297","https://openalex.org/W3109319544","https://openalex.org/W3115690044","https://openalex.org/W3122560603","https://openalex.org/W3131914241","https://openalex.org/W3155601905","https://openalex.org/W3202926402","https://openalex.org/W3209665313","https://openalex.org/W4252867498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2991352157","https://openalex.org/W4391781780","https://openalex.org/W7163403764","https://openalex.org/W4404361478","https://openalex.org/W4393858348","https://openalex.org/W4386396850","https://openalex.org/W4321459483","https://openalex.org/W4321996333","https://openalex.org/W3124410467","https://openalex.org/W3160582076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Turtles":[0],"are":[1,41,129,151],"one":[2],"of":[3,63,145,232,235],"the":[4,12,34,48,57,61,70,82,93,100,120,133,136,143,146,162,165,169,173,180,190,204,208,213,223,241],"ancient":[5],"marine":[6],"animals":[7],"that":[8,119,152,172,207,211],"live":[9],"today.":[10],"However,":[11,240],"population":[13],"is":[14,81,118,177,194,216,226,238],"threatened":[15],"with":[16,219],"extinction,":[17],"so":[18],"its":[19],"existence":[20],"needs":[21,245],"to":[22,43,55,60,246,249,253],"be":[23,53,124,140,158,247],"protected":[24],"and":[25,39,66,86,113,155,186],"preserved":[26],"because":[27],"turtles":[28],"often":[29],"eat":[30],"plastic":[31,111,114,153],"waste":[32],"in":[33,47,69,132,161,196,203],"ocean":[35,71],"whose":[36],"shape,":[37],"texture,":[38],"color":[40,144,182],"similar":[42],"jellyfish.":[44],"The":[45,75,116,148,199,229],"technology":[46],"computer":[49],"vision":[50],"area":[51],"can":[52,123,157],"used":[54],"find":[56],"solution":[58],"related":[59],"case":[62],"reducing":[64],"plastics":[65],"bottles":[67,112,156],"trash":[68],"by":[72,142],"implementing":[73],"robotics.":[74],"region-based":[76],"Convolutional":[77],"Neural":[78],"Network":[79],"(CNN)":[80],"latest":[83],"image":[84,102,137,218],"segmentation":[85],"has":[87],"good":[88],"detection":[89,175,192,210],"accuracy":[90,231,242],"based":[91,105],"on":[92,106,179,227],"Faster":[94],"R-CNN":[95],"algorithm.":[96],"In":[97,188],"this":[98],"study,":[99],"training":[101],"was":[103],"built":[104],"two":[107,121],"different":[108],"objects,":[109],"namely":[110],"bags.":[115],"target":[117],"objects":[122,131,154],"recognized":[125,159],"even":[126],"if":[127],"there":[128],"other":[130],"vicinity,":[134],"or":[135],"quality":[138],"will":[139],"affected":[141],"seawater.":[147],"results":[149,170,201,215],"obtained":[150],"correctly":[160],"picture.":[163],"Of":[164],"five-color":[166],"hues":[167],"tested,":[168],"show":[171],"object":[174,191,209],"process":[176,193],"valid":[178],"average":[181,230],"hue,":[183],"sepia,":[184],"bandicoot,":[185],"grayscale.":[187],"contrast,":[189],"invalid":[195],"black-and-white":[197],"tones.":[198],"test":[200],"shown":[202],"table":[205],"explain":[206],"gets":[212],"highest":[214],"an":[217],"normal":[220],"coloring,":[221],"while":[222],"lowest":[224],"value":[225,243],"bandicoot.":[228],"all":[233],"types":[234],"images":[236],"tested":[237],"96.50.":[239],"still":[244],"improved":[248],"apply":[250],"feasibility":[251],"permanently":[252],"hardware":[254],"such":[255],"as":[256],"diving":[257],"robots.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}