{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281746927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","title":"A survey of blockchain applications in sustainable and smart cities","display_name":"A survey of blockchain applications in sustainable and smart cities","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281746927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069833649","display_name":"Shanmukha Makani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-184X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0449-184X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanmukha Makani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016839374","display_name":"Rachitha Pittala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-8510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachitha Pittala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029314637","display_name":"Eitaa Alsayed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eitaa Alsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020975697","display_name":"Moayad Aloqaily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-7234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-7234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moayad Aloqaily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2443-7234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032187551","display_name":"Yaser Jararweh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-3846","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-3846"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165102784","display_name":"Duquesne University","ror":"https://ror.org/02336z538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaser Jararweh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165102784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020975697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98612331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"3915","last_page":"3936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13913","display_name":"Blockchain Technology in Education and Learning","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cities","display_name":"smart cities","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-ledger-technology","display_name":"distributed ledger technology","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-governance","display_name":"smart governance","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-transportation","display_name":"smart transportation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"smart grid","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-healthcare","display_name":"smart healthcare","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-home","display_name":"home automation","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-commerce","display_name":"e-commerce","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sustainability","display_name":"urban sustainability","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralized-services","display_name":"decentralized services","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"data integrity","score":0.5019999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.7195188999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7023516297340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6540706753730774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.586642861366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5859586596488953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.5641125440597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5334041118621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136810230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188961","display_name":"Decentralization","level":2,"score":0.46956539154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.441936194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4233928322792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.41406866908073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.37997809052467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3486967086791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1379547119140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.13194486498832703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1082293689250946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.10689294338226318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03625-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106148199","display_name":"Cluster Computing","issn_l":"1386-7857","issn":["1386-7857","1573-7543"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cluster Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":106,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W375930406","https://openalex.org/W1210027165","https://openalex.org/W1969085745","https://openalex.org/W2058348003","https://openalex.org/W2071705378","https://openalex.org/W2108196201","https://openalex.org/W2126767320","https://openalex.org/W2176225732","https://openalex.org/W2211073057","https://openalex.org/W2253276617","https://openalex.org/W2278982694","https://openalex.org/W2288515487","https://openalex.org/W2403237691","https://openalex.org/W2435181434","https://openalex.org/W2480239664","https://openalex.org/W2495994974","https://openalex.org/W2510244456","https://openalex.org/W2514202461","https://openalex.org/W2514994441","https://openalex.org/W2544710688","https://openalex.org/W2549442217","https://openalex.org/W2555782333","https://openalex.org/W2561905839","https://openalex.org/W2567327791","https://openalex.org/W2577854396","https://openalex.org/W2597296902","https://openalex.org/W2604096638","https://openalex.org/W2606002995","https://openalex.org/W2606467208","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2619795922","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2620284884","https://openalex.org/W2621687283","https://openalex.org/W2623182191","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2739750598","https://openalex.org/W2740545101","https://openalex.org/W2743873248","https://openalex.org/W2744079410","https://openalex.org/W2751179194","https://openalex.org/W2753273278","https://openalex.org/W2756029433","https://openalex.org/W2760776412","https://openalex.org/W2766062228","https://openalex.org/W2774787369","https://openalex.org/W2786484366","https://openalex.org/W2793423901","https://openalex.org/W2794925686","https://openalex.org/W2796021639","https://openalex.org/W2799639035","https://openalex.org/W2806885212","https://openalex.org/W2807208054","https://openalex.org/W2807760916","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2876768824","https://openalex.org/W2883563947","https://openalex.org/W2887443683","https://openalex.org/W2890442926","https://openalex.org/W2890504736","https://openalex.org/W2897042087","https://openalex.org/W2907164519","https://openalex.org/W2909425366","https://openalex.org/W2911810074","https://openalex.org/W2912674158","https://openalex.org/W2915298657","https://openalex.org/W2918187723","https://openalex.org/W2922265581","https://openalex.org/W2924004124","https://openalex.org/W2926519916","https://openalex.org/W2945399557","https://openalex.org/W2946313188","https://openalex.org/W2949219685","https://openalex.org/W2950519543","https://openalex.org/W2956931323","https://openalex.org/W2959460812","https://openalex.org/W2967455420","https://openalex.org/W2967459865","https://openalex.org/W2972181858","https://openalex.org/W2986949576","https://openalex.org/W2988523353","https://openalex.org/W2991769532","https://openalex.org/W2998665960","https://openalex.org/W2999430764","https://openalex.org/W3005866637","https://openalex.org/W3012150509","https://openalex.org/W3035146483","https://openalex.org/W3041497362","https://openalex.org/W3045251599","https://openalex.org/W3089656219","https://openalex.org/W3096367511","https://openalex.org/W3106582228","https://openalex.org/W3123355411","https://openalex.org/W3157939796","https://openalex.org/W3170888612","https://openalex.org/W3185222921","https://openalex.org/W3191378715","https://openalex.org/W3200032416","https://openalex.org/W3205408707","https://openalex.org/W4200414535","https://openalex.org/W4200452217","https://openalex.org/W4205256428","https://openalex.org/W4205760555","https://openalex.org/W4206184615","https://openalex.org/W4226251845","https://openalex.org/W4285258258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914374206","https://openalex.org/W3040649972","https://openalex.org/W7017672838","https://openalex.org/W4220820188","https://openalex.org/W7104906805","https://openalex.org/W4361862728","https://openalex.org/W3048295029","https://openalex.org/W3208234967","https://openalex.org/W4410825861","https://openalex.org/W4405949226"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}