{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281734922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","title":"Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on College Student Tourism Jobs: Insights from Vacationland-Maine, USA","display_name":"Differential Impacts of COVID-19 on College Student Tourism Jobs: Insights from Vacationland-Maine, USA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281734922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp3020032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/2/32/pdf?version=1654522267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/2/32/pdf?version=1654522267","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073167846","display_name":"Tek B. Dangi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tek B. Dangi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Exercise, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Exercise, Health and Sport Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073780217","display_name":"Tracy S. Michaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-4169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-4169"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Michaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-4169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070253817","display_name":"Robyn Dumont","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robyn Dumont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Survey Research Center, Catherine Cutler Institute, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Survey Research Center, Catherine Cutler Institute, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tara Wheeler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara Wheeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Catherine Cutler Institute, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catherine Cutler Institute, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073167846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1047},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1047},"fwci":1.295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82064796,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"509","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12584","display_name":"Hospitality and Tourism Education","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11711","display_name":"COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts","score":0.04520000144839287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.020999999716877937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-student-employment","display_name":"college student employment","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-dependent-economies","display_name":"tourism-dependent economies","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maine","display_name":"Maine","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-southern-maine","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-study","display_name":"work study","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-unemployment","display_name":"student unemployment","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-loss","display_name":"job loss","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-time-reduction","display_name":"working time reduction","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-management-plan","display_name":"emergency management plan","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-support","display_name":"stakeholder support","score":0.5889999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7453924417495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7435786128044128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6575242280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.528103232383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146834321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2979672","display_name":"Closure (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4701390862464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.4675782024860382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42872127890586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4106791913509369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3300740122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32300233840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2646312713623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2024977207183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15851348638534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1275695562362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp3020032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/2/32/pdf?version=1654522267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jtourh:v:3:y:2022:i:2:p:32-535:d:832694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/2/32/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2475c52ad124678b0c6f0f187419601","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2475c52ad124678b0c6f0f187419601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 509-535 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/tourhosp3020032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3020032","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/3/2/32/pdf?version=1654522267","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223062","display_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","issn_l":"2673-5768","issn":["2673-5768"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism and Hospitality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8714358602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTH-USM-6161100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311750","funder_display_name":"University of Southern Maine"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311750","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/050qj5m48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281734922.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281734922.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193719403","https://openalex.org/W2078278810","https://openalex.org/W2147829016","https://openalex.org/W2377954458","https://openalex.org/W2749395463","https://openalex.org/W2979626476","https://openalex.org/W3020637112","https://openalex.org/W3024583073","https://openalex.org/W3035971870","https://openalex.org/W3036225123","https://openalex.org/W3042149128","https://openalex.org/W3043538428","https://openalex.org/W3048244288","https://openalex.org/W3049423864","https://openalex.org/W3081638814","https://openalex.org/W3091818265","https://openalex.org/W3124004752","https://openalex.org/W3124229951","https://openalex.org/W3130014825","https://openalex.org/W3152781976","https://openalex.org/W3156359962","https://openalex.org/W3161966982","https://openalex.org/W3175327067","https://openalex.org/W3200306337","https://openalex.org/W6782147695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6969104512","https://openalex.org/W4210929468","https://openalex.org/W4386613423","https://openalex.org/W3201919056","https://openalex.org/W3134130067","https://openalex.org/W4404902262","https://openalex.org/W3215528485","https://openalex.org/W7066532750","https://openalex.org/W7113379604","https://openalex.org/W4383065791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,150,210,287],"COVID-19":[1,51,68,116,215,304],"pandemic":[2],"has":[3,26],"adversely":[4],"affected":[5],"all":[6,136],"sectors":[7],"including":[8,55,251],"educational":[9],"institutions":[10],"transitioning":[11],"from":[12,269],"face-to-face":[13],"to":[14,98,118,124,135,185,299],"hybrid":[15],"and":[16,74,117,126,165,197,231,249,284,305],"virtual":[17],"classes.":[18],"Partial":[19],"or":[20],"full":[21],"closure":[22],"of":[23,50,67,78,94,105,156,178,222,246,278,311],"tourism":[24,42],"businesses":[25],"impacted":[27,111,217,242],"college":[28,33,79,88],"students\u2019":[29,89],"jobs":[30,114,237],"within":[31],"the":[32,37,48,65,70,85,92,103,128,176,179,206,239,244,255],"and/or":[34],"outside":[35],"in":[36,112,160,163,167,187,190,193,205,220,243,276],"business":[38],"sector.":[39],"For":[40],"a":[41,202],"dependent":[43],"economy":[44],"such":[45,261,302],"as":[46,262,271,273,303],"Maine\u2019s,":[47],"impacts":[49,66,86],"have":[52,63,83,109],"been":[53,110],"severe,":[54],"lost":[56],"job":[57,227,233],"opportunities":[58],"for":[59,308],"students.":[60],"Several":[61],"studies":[62],"researched":[64],"on":[69,87],"physical,":[71],"psychological,":[72],"social,":[73],"mental":[75],"health":[76],"status":[77],"students;":[80],"however,":[81],"few":[82],"addressed":[84],"jobs.":[90],"Thus,":[91],"purpose":[93],"this":[95,312],"study":[96,151,211,288],"is":[97],"understand":[99],"how":[100],"students":[101,139,257],"at":[102],"University":[104],"Southern":[106],"Maine":[107],"(USM)":[108],"their":[113],"by":[115,141],"consider":[119],"what":[120],"stakeholders":[121,291],"can":[122],"do":[123],"support":[125,260,275],"rebuild":[127],"workforce.":[129],"A":[130],"quantitative":[131],"survey":[132],"was":[133,159],"distributed":[134],"USM":[137,168,194],"undergraduate":[138],"(completed":[140],"160)":[142],"between":[143],"26":[144],"April":[145],"through":[146],"6":[147],"May":[148],"2021.":[149],"found":[152,212],"that":[153,290],"pre-COVID,":[154],"44%":[155],"student":[157,208,218],"employment":[158,219],"non-tourism,":[161,188],"25%":[162],"tourism,":[164,191],"16%":[166],"work":[169,195,268],"study,":[170,196],"while":[171],"15%":[172],"were":[173,241],"unemployed.":[174],"At":[175],"time":[177],"survey,":[180],"those":[181],"proportions":[182],"had":[183,216],"shifted":[184],"42%":[186],"22%":[189,198],"14%":[192],"not":[199],"employed":[200],"with":[201],"significant":[203],"increase":[204],"non-employed":[207],"category.":[209],"that,":[213],"initially,":[214],"terms":[221,277],"changed":[223,247],"responsibilities,":[224],"reduced":[225],"hours,":[226,230],"layoffs/losses,":[228],"increased":[229],"voluntary":[232],"loss.":[234],"Students\u2019":[235],"current":[236],"(during":[238],"survey)":[240],"form":[245],"responsibilities/jobs/locations":[248],"industries,":[250],"decreased":[252],"hours.":[253],"During":[254],"pandemic,":[256],"valued":[258],"industry":[259,282],"enhanced":[263],"cleaning/safety,":[264],"flexible":[265],"hours/time":[266],"off,":[267],"home,":[270],"well":[272],"academic":[274],"flexibility,":[279],"emotional":[280],"support,":[281],"updates,":[283],"networking":[285],"opportunities.":[286],"recommends":[289],"develop":[292],"collaborative":[293],"comprehensive":[294],"emergency":[295],"management":[296],"plans":[297],"(CEMPs)":[298],"mitigate":[300],"disruptions":[301],"be":[306],"prepared":[307],"future":[309],"disasters":[310],"nature.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-06-13T00:00:00"}