{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281663127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","title":"Current trends in additively manufactured (3D printed) energy absorbing structures for crashworthiness application \u2013 a review","display_name":"Current trends in additively manufactured (3D printed) energy absorbing structures for crashworthiness application \u2013 a review","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281663127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152936027","display_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","issn_l":"1745-2759","issn":["1745-2759","1745-2767"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017696193","display_name":"Chukwuemeke William Isaac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-8468","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-8468"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chukwuemeke William Isaac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machine Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1501-8468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Machine Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062557618","display_name":"Fabian M. E. Duddeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-5014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-5014","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-2665"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabian Duddeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-5014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017696193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":2825,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2070},"apc_paid":{"value":2825,"currency":"AUD","value_usd":2070},"fwci":10.2398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":150,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99375865,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"1058","last_page":"1101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10707","display_name":"Cellular and Composite Structures","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10707","display_name":"Cellular and Composite Structures","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14445","display_name":"Transportation Safety and Impact Analysis","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-absorbing-structures","display_name":"energy-absorbing structures","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crashworthiness","display_name":"crashworthiness","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing","display_name":"additive manufacturing","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crushing-performance","display_name":"crushing performance","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-behavior","display_name":"mechanical behavior","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation-modes","display_name":"deformation modes","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing-processes","display_name":"3D printing processes","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-design","display_name":"structural design","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-crashworthiness","display_name":"vehicle crashworthiness","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-protection","display_name":"impact protection","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779240047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3283022","display_name":"Crashworthiness","level":3,"score":0.9500118494033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.8674537539482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.6395993232727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.5414133667945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4813188314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47053536772727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4037647545337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3692406713962555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.3368489742279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.27189385890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.2378738820552826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12379103899002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.11453968286514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.10391572117805481}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152936027","display_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","issn_l":"1745-2759","issn":["1745-2759","1745-2767"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab5390c52c11482690ab6acee06122f5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab5390c52c11482690ab6acee06122f5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping, Vol 17, Iss 4, Pp 1058-1101 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2022.2074698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152936027","display_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","issn_l":"1745-2759","issn":["1745-2759","1745-2767"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":175,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1826414460","https://openalex.org/W1987318760","https://openalex.org/W2016460082","https://openalex.org/W2031979751","https://openalex.org/W2099006292","https://openalex.org/W2228372699","https://openalex.org/W2271064643","https://openalex.org/W2333791402","https://openalex.org/W2403734971","https://openalex.org/W2410436734","https://openalex.org/W2425169829","https://openalex.org/W2436552658","https://openalex.org/W2440873476","https://openalex.org/W2519282854","https://openalex.org/W2553221934","https://openalex.org/W2555901102","https://openalex.org/W2592844409","https://openalex.org/W2610613156","https://openalex.org/W2620790871","https://openalex.org/W2763006544","https://openalex.org/W2763733783","https://openalex.org/W2768021268","https://openalex.org/W2769723045","https://openalex.org/W2770328261","https://openalex.org/W2775354423","https://openalex.org/W2788201767","https://openalex.org/W2789060165","https://openalex.org/W2791550342","https://openalex.org/W2792580592","https://openalex.org/W2792646295","https://openalex.org/W2793435880","https://openalex.org/W2795582594","https://openalex.org/W2796424660","https://openalex.org/W2799422232","https://openalex.org/W2802122693","https://openalex.org/W2805583527","https://openalex.org/W2810693877","https://openalex.org/W2882952702","https://openalex.org/W2886363050","https://openalex.org/W2886726345","https://openalex.org/W2894199312","https://openalex.org/W2897040177","https://openalex.org/W2898452933","https://openalex.org/W2899992521","https://openalex.org/W2900336307","https://openalex.org/W2901829923","https://openalex.org/W2901885015","https://openalex.org/W2903486599","https://openalex.org/W2912895796","https://openalex.org/W2921674188","https://openalex.org/W2922694898","https://openalex.org/W2941964540","https://openalex.org/W2945248413","https://openalex.org/W2945531729","https://openalex.org/W2945622334","https://openalex.org/W2945796938","https://openalex.org/W2945920473","https://openalex.org/W2950055858","https://openalex.org/W2955931599","https://openalex.org/W2955959507","https://openalex.org/W2962968246","https://openalex.org/W2963083896","https://openalex.org/W2963689256","https://openalex.org/W2965868192","https://openalex.org/W2975679559","https://openalex.org/W2977731000","https://openalex.org/W2979648678","https://openalex.org/W2980317941","https://openalex.org/W2985088186","https://openalex.org/W2985704737","https://openalex.org/W2986138235","https://openalex.org/W2989791874","https://openalex.org/W2990074583","https://openalex.org/W2990666367","https://openalex.org/W2990710399","https://openalex.org/W2997531262","https://openalex.org/W2998050023","https://openalex.org/W2998989194","https://openalex.org/W2999428397","https://openalex.org/W3000139359","https://openalex.org/W3000195753","https://openalex.org/W3002403555","https://openalex.org/W3002814256","https://openalex.org/W3005345100","https://openalex.org/W3014862940","https://openalex.org/W3015240458","https://openalex.org/W3016062745","https://openalex.org/W3016896377","https://openalex.org/W3018007288","https://openalex.org/W3022087237","https://openalex.org/W3025842499","https://openalex.org/W3025987485","https://openalex.org/W3027547370","https://openalex.org/W3028112242","https://openalex.org/W3032370026","https://openalex.org/W3034237443","https://openalex.org/W3035688092","https://openalex.org/W3038557845","https://openalex.org/W3039676924","https://openalex.org/W3041046670","https://openalex.org/W3045416738","https://openalex.org/W3047022771","https://openalex.org/W3049409269","https://openalex.org/W3080823791","https://openalex.org/W3082355365","https://openalex.org/W3083781649","https://openalex.org/W3085873315","https://openalex.org/W3087433291","https://openalex.org/W3087774396","https://openalex.org/W3091282188","https://openalex.org/W3091486894","https://openalex.org/W3092150039","https://openalex.org/W3092255477","https://openalex.org/W3094383202","https://openalex.org/W3095987814","https://openalex.org/W3097154529","https://openalex.org/W3111911757","https://openalex.org/W3111923671","https://openalex.org/W3112141755","https://openalex.org/W3119482011","https://openalex.org/W3119692740","https://openalex.org/W3128088767","https://openalex.org/W3130146190","https://openalex.org/W3132844725","https://openalex.org/W3132922157","https://openalex.org/W3134011848","https://openalex.org/W3134362774","https://openalex.org/W3136337292","https://openalex.org/W3138146930","https://openalex.org/W3141904963","https://openalex.org/W3153015357","https://openalex.org/W3153370885","https://openalex.org/W3153440955","https://openalex.org/W3154462936","https://openalex.org/W3156643162","https://openalex.org/W3157080422","https://openalex.org/W3160303303","https://openalex.org/W3162212550","https://openalex.org/W3162394063","https://openalex.org/W3162581316","https://openalex.org/W3164288547","https://openalex.org/W3165038968","https://openalex.org/W3166645904","https://openalex.org/W3168292924","https://openalex.org/W3172204249","https://openalex.org/W3176209957","https://openalex.org/W3178877610","https://openalex.org/W3180067934","https://openalex.org/W3184868407","https://openalex.org/W3187728994","https://openalex.org/W3193801868","https://openalex.org/W3194740173","https://openalex.org/W3197815247","https://openalex.org/W3199023067","https://openalex.org/W3200088187","https://openalex.org/W3200373090","https://openalex.org/W3200527148","https://openalex.org/W3201949956","https://openalex.org/W3202280159","https://openalex.org/W3204085149","https://openalex.org/W3204178370","https://openalex.org/W3204495247","https://openalex.org/W3205410867","https://openalex.org/W3207106852","https://openalex.org/W3208842542","https://openalex.org/W3214203846","https://openalex.org/W4200309581","https://openalex.org/W4200321805","https://openalex.org/W4200433476","https://openalex.org/W4205530313","https://openalex.org/W4206051290","https://openalex.org/W4207006767","https://openalex.org/W4210472834","https://openalex.org/W4210560963","https://openalex.org/W4221095855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4281663127","https://openalex.org/W2751756179","https://openalex.org/W2987280485","https://openalex.org/W4309044047","https://openalex.org/W3193484979","https://openalex.org/W2802505697","https://openalex.org/W2760367177","https://openalex.org/W3115480467","https://openalex.org/W2183812892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inspired":[0],"by":[1,81],"the":[2,19,25,48,113,131,139],"vast":[3],"amounts":[4],"of":[5,33,54,97,116,142],"investigations":[6],"carried":[7],"out":[8],"on":[9],"three-dimensional":[10],"(3D)":[11],"printed":[12,35,56,83,100],"structures":[13,38],"and":[14,51,68,124,144,148],"their":[15,64],"recent":[16],"accelerated":[17],"developments,":[18],"present":[20],"review":[21,105],"paper":[22],"comprehensively":[23],"describes":[24],"current":[26],"trends":[27],"as":[28,30,108,126],"well":[29],"promising":[31],"findings":[32],"3D":[34,55,60,82,99],"energy":[36],"absorbing":[37],"(EAS)":[39],"for":[40],"crashworthiness":[41],"application.":[42],"Particular":[43],"attention":[44],"is":[45],"paid":[46],"to":[47,111,133],"mechanical":[49],"behaviour":[50],"crushing":[52],"performance":[53],"EAS.":[57],"The":[58],"main":[59],"printing":[61],"technological":[62,114],"processes,":[63],"material":[65],"feedstocks":[66],"choices":[67],"unique":[69],"structural":[70],"designs,":[71],"investigated":[72],"recently,":[73],"are":[74,89,102],"discussed":[75],"in":[76],"detail.":[77],"Deformation":[78],"modes":[79],"obtained":[80],"EAS":[84,101,119],"under":[85],"different":[86],"loading":[87],"conditions":[88],"identified.":[90],"Additionally,":[91],"salient":[92],"suggestions":[93],"with":[94],"future":[95],"realisation":[96],"complex":[98],"provided.":[103],"This":[104],"will":[106],"serve":[107],"a":[109],"springboard":[110],"propel":[112],"advancement":[115],"additively":[117],"manufactured":[118],"incorporated":[120],"into":[121],"moving":[122],"vehicles":[123],"utilised":[125],"protective":[127],"devices.":[128],"Hence,":[129],"setting":[130],"goals":[132],"encourage":[134],"novel":[135],"research":[136],"that":[137],"guarantees":[138],"efficient":[140],"protection":[141],"lives":[143],"valuables":[145],"during":[146],"mild":[147],"catastrophic":[149],"impacts.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-20T09:52:01.089006","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}