{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281608341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","title":"A safety assurance methodology for autonomous trains","display_name":"A safety assurance methodology for autonomous trains","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281608341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764743394","display_name":"Transportation research procedia","issn_l":"2352-1457","issn":["2352-1457","2352-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Procedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010773574","display_name":"Abhimanyu Tonk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-5440","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-5440"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118016","display_name":"Railenium","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgbpg06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhimanyu Tonk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025375987","display_name":"Mohammed Chelouati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-8100","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-8100"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118016","display_name":"Railenium","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgbpg06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Chelouati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079949872","display_name":"Abderraouf Boussif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2435-014X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2435-014X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118016","display_name":"Railenium","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgbpg06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abderraouf Boussif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030189003","display_name":"Julie Beugin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-1906","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-1906"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118016","display_name":"Railenium","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgbpg06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Beugin","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSYS-ESTAS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 20 rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650, France","Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSYS-ESTAS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 20 rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087858225","display_name":"M El Koursi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118016","display_name":"Railenium","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgbpg06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154111","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel","ror":"https://ror.org/03x42jk29","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miloudi El Koursi","raw_affiliation_strings":["COSYS-ESTAS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 20 rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650, France","Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COSYS-ESTAS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, 20 rue \u00c9lis\u00e9e Reclus, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59650, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technological Research Institute Railenium, 180 rue Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Valenciennes 59300, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079949872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118016"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84428062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"3016","last_page":"3023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13615","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-trains","display_name":"autonomous trains","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-lifecycle","display_name":"safety lifecycle","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-hierarchy","display_name":"system hierarchy","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-process","display_name":"safety process","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.7828295230865479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10566551","display_name":"Safety assurance","level":2,"score":0.761188268661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6210604906082153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87345402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485202","display_name":"Analytic hierarchy process","level":2,"score":0.5990951061248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.5389516949653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5244569778442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5046385526657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47102388739585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.46665167808532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.43490070104599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.41031938791275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.37305355072021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.324995219707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32016605138778687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2556544542312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764743394","display_name":"Transportation research procedia","issn_l":"2352-1457","issn":["2352-1457","2352-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Procedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03690433v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03690433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"TRA 2022, Transport Research Arena, Nov 2022, Lisbon, Portugal. 8p","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764743394","display_name":"Transportation research procedia","issn_l":"2352-1457","issn":["2352-1457","2352-1465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Procedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2887865500","https://openalex.org/W2905299518","https://openalex.org/W2990578876","https://openalex.org/W3007603696","https://openalex.org/W3014153730","https://openalex.org/W3118875664","https://openalex.org/W3126152905","https://openalex.org/W3128707717","https://openalex.org/W3135547550","https://openalex.org/W3186307026","https://openalex.org/W3197285299","https://openalex.org/W3200232431","https://openalex.org/W3204133730","https://openalex.org/W4206885817","https://openalex.org/W4239912473","https://openalex.org/W4240806567","https://openalex.org/W4244694678","https://openalex.org/W4251300841","https://openalex.org/W4282813656","https://openalex.org/W4385872492","https://openalex.org/W4401065703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402003891","https://openalex.org/W4402426516","https://openalex.org/W4385885787","https://openalex.org/W4406745027","https://openalex.org/W4388210129","https://openalex.org/W4413911969","https://openalex.org/W4393026981","https://openalex.org/W7160542816","https://openalex.org/W4313224263","https://openalex.org/W4322720650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,38],"address":[4],"the":[5,11,19,30,34,43,70,80,87,98],"railway":[6,13,35],"safety":[7,14,36,44,60],"assurance":[8,45],"issues,":[9],"hampering":[10],"conventional":[12,71],"approval":[15],"process":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,64,69],"intro":[20],"duction":[21],"of":[22,46,56,59],"autonomy":[23],"and":[24,33,49,62,93,97,104],"AI":[25,99],"technologies.":[26],"Concretely,":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29],"system":[31,76,82],"hierarchy":[32],"lifecycle,":[37],"elaborate":[39],"a":[40,57],"methodology":[41,54],"for":[42],"autonomous":[47],"train":[48],"its":[50],"operations.":[51],"The":[52],"proposed":[53],"consists":[55],"set":[58],"processes":[61],"activities":[63],"be":[65],"conducted,":[66],"in":[67],"parallel":[68],"ones,":[72],"at":[73],"three":[74],"hierarchical":[75],"levels;":[77],"namely:":[78],"(i)":[79],"overall":[81],"level":[83,90,101],"(i.e.,":[84,91,102],"train);":[85],"(ii)":[86],"AI-based":[88],"component":[89],"perception":[92],"decision-making":[94],"components);":[95],"(iii)":[96],"software":[100],"inference":[103],"decision":[105],"learned":[106],"algorithm).":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-06-12T00:00:00"}