{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281608138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","title":"Public Authorities as a Target of Disinformation","display_name":"Public Authorities as a Target of Disinformation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281608138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/download/371/353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280907","display_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-8602","issn":["2048-8602","2048-8610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/download/371/353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pekka Koistinen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Koistinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish National Defence University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish National Defence University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083338602","display_name":"Milla Alaraatikka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milla Alaraatikka","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Finnish National Defence University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Finnish National Defence University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017818688","display_name":"Teija Sederholm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-2570","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-2570"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teija Sederholm","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Finnish National Defence University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Finnish National Defence University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011101132","display_name":"Dominic Savolainen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Savolainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013276566","display_name":"Aki\u2013Mauri Huhtinen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aki-Mauri Huhtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036520245","display_name":"Miina Kaarkoski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2998"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109212","display_name":"National Defence University","ror":"https://ror.org/01js4x705","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miina Kaarkoski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94298278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"123","last_page":"129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10953","display_name":"E-Government and Public Services","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinformation","display_name":"disinformation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-organizations","display_name":"public sector organizations","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-communication","display_name":"government communication","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-public-authorities","display_name":"public trust in authorities","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-resilience","display_name":"democratic resilience","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-organizations","display_name":"public service organizations","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countering-disinformation","display_name":"countering disinformation","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finland","display_name":"Finland","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.9919734597206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.568043053150177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5185049772262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.4905518889427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.4685066044330597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4643782675266266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4594690501689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4486550986766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38514700531959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3470872640609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20197460055351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.19915145635604858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09560441970825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08341029286384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/download/371/353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280907","display_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-8602","issn":["2048-8602","2048-8610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.doria.fi:10024/187190","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/187190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196760","display_name":"Doria (University of Helsinki)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","host_organization_name":"University of Helsinki","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34190/eccws.21.1.371","pdf_url":"https://papers.academic-conferences.org/index.php/eccws/article/download/371/353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280907","display_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","issn_l":"2048-8602","issn":["2048-8602","2048-8610"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281608138.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281608138.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530002015","https://openalex.org/W1583059097","https://openalex.org/W2067404301","https://openalex.org/W2146691185","https://openalex.org/W2154479007","https://openalex.org/W2214169095","https://openalex.org/W2538486301","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2792097697","https://openalex.org/W2796536780","https://openalex.org/W2925387128","https://openalex.org/W2970785670","https://openalex.org/W2997114183","https://openalex.org/W3128763008","https://openalex.org/W3133423348","https://openalex.org/W3152171219","https://openalex.org/W3189926034","https://openalex.org/W4205642340","https://openalex.org/W4233433084","https://openalex.org/W4299315991","https://openalex.org/W4301422020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225125796","https://openalex.org/W7220115438","https://openalex.org/W4386697518","https://openalex.org/W4398130891","https://openalex.org/W7220013893","https://openalex.org/W4307211536","https://openalex.org/W7167576471","https://openalex.org/W7046558567","https://openalex.org/W4309170162","https://openalex.org/W4412018207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Disinformation":[0],"is":[1,173,230],"a":[2,5,79,116,189,233,247],"part":[3,231],"of":[4,25,92,100,129,144,151,226,232,241,254],"modern":[6],"digitalised":[7],"society":[8],"and":[9,39,59,63,73,123,221,239],"thus":[10],"affects":[11,217],"public":[12,43,54,93,112,152,176,255],"authorities\u00b4":[13],"daily":[14,219],"work.":[15],"Through":[16],"disinformation,":[17,145],"malicious":[18,85],"actors":[19,86],"can":[20,31,46,75],"often":[21],"erode":[22],"the":[23,82,133,161],"fundamentals":[24],"democratic":[26,69],"societies.":[27,70],"In":[28,52,104,168],"practice,":[29],"this":[30,130,169],"be":[32,76],"achieved":[33],"by":[34,147,159,193],"influencing":[35],"authorities\u2019":[36,48,138,157,177],"decision-making":[37,61],"processes":[38,62],"creating":[40],"distrust":[41],"towards":[42,246],"organisations":[44],"which":[45],"weaken":[47],"ability":[49,139],"to":[50,67,87,125,140,155,164,174,180,237,260],"function.":[51,141],"Finland,":[53],"authorities":[55,91],"have":[56,107],"relatively":[57],"transparent":[58],"open":[60],"communication":[64,158],"practices":[65],"compared":[66],"other":[68],"This":[71,186,228],"transparency":[72],"openness":[74],"seen":[77,97],"as":[78,98],"vulnerability,":[80],"increasing":[81],"opportunities":[83],"for":[84],"use":[88],"disinformation.":[89,126,227,242],"The":[90,127,142,204,243],"services":[94],"are":[95,224],"also":[96],"producers":[99,143],"evidence-based":[101],"official":[102],"information.":[103],"general,":[105],"Finns":[106],"very":[108],"high":[109,149],"trust":[110],"in":[111,182,197,264],"authorities.":[113],"Trust":[114],"has":[115],"major":[117],"impact":[118],"on":[119,250],"societies\u2019":[120],"psychological":[121],"resilience":[122],"susceptibility":[124],"results":[128,244],"article":[131,229],"strengthen":[132],"idea":[134],"that":[135],"disinformation":[136,181,216],"weakens":[137],"aided":[146],"citizens\u2019":[148],"confidence":[150],"authorities,":[153,256],"aim":[154],"utilise":[156],"misrepresenting":[160],"content":[162,202],"according":[163],"their":[165,183,218],"own":[166,184],"agenda.":[167],"study,":[170],"our":[171],"purpose":[172],"describe":[175],"experiences":[178],"relating":[179,236],"organisation.":[185],"study":[187],"follows":[188],"qualitative":[190],"design":[191],"framework":[192],"analysing":[194],"data":[195,206],"collected":[196],"September":[198],"2021":[199],"using":[200],"inductive":[201],"analysis.":[203],"empirical":[205],"includes":[207],"16":[208],"government":[209],"officials\u2019":[210],"interviews":[211],"with":[212],"themes":[213],"exploring":[214],"how":[215,251],"activities":[220],"why":[222],"they":[223],"targets":[225],"larger":[234],"project":[235],"counterforces":[238],"detection":[240],"contribute":[245],"broader":[248],"understanding":[249],"different":[252],"types":[253],"ranging":[257],"from":[258],"health":[259],"security":[261],"organisations,":[262],"communicate":[263],"complex":[265],"social":[266],"media":[267],"environments.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2022-06-12T00:00:00"}