{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281489134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","title":"Sulfate Formation Apportionment during Winter Haze Events in North China","display_name":"Sulfate Formation Apportionment during Winter Haze Events in North China","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281489134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35609338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423080","display_name":"Tiantian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8770","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083843412","display_name":"Mingxu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-1990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-1990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114290","display_name":"China National Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/026drga03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116048","display_name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02601yx74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768210","display_name":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species","ror":"https://ror.org/03mw4pt79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China","State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116048","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635746","display_name":"Mingyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-1012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-1012","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6041-9098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114290","display_name":"China National Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/026drga03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116048","display_name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02601yx74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768210","display_name":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species","ror":"https://ror.org/03mw4pt79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China","State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116048","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005482767","display_name":"Yu Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-2999","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-2999"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-2999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076438113","display_name":"Zhenying Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-8631","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-8631"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenying Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-8631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073973914","display_name":"Fang Shang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736276","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-5014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-5014","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4830-8396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270349","display_name":"Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change","ror":"https://ror.org/00hc2kn72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China","Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021658658","display_name":"Wenling Liao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenling Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100658865","display_name":"Weigang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1110","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1110"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116048","display_name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02601yx74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768210","display_name":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species","ror":"https://ror.org/03mw4pt79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weigang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-1110","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116048","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113695262","display_name":"Maofa Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-9359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-9359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116048","display_name":"Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02601yx74","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116048"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155088","display_name":"Institute of Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/048y1rc66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768210","display_name":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species","ror":"https://ror.org/03mw4pt79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maofa Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1771-9359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210116048","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000320455","display_name":"Junji Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-7241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-7241","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159790","display_name":"Institute of Earth Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/04nps9965","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159790"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767821","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology","ror":"https://ror.org/03t0yb134","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210135735","https://openalex.org/I4391767821"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junji Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710075, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159790","https://openalex.org/I4391767821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078964223","display_name":"Jingnan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-6181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-6181"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156332","display_name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8xvx87","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingnan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068055192","display_name":"Guigang Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114290","display_name":"China National Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/026drga03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204710742","https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guigang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028643153","display_name":"Yuepeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-0849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-0849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152758","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0424h4e32","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767706","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry","ror":"https://ror.org/04maje407","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I4391767706"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuepeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5547-0849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210152758","https://openalex.org/I4391767706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045617018","display_name":"Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-9123","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-9123"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4816-9123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100445951","display_name":"Tong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-7924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-7924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2752-7924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Department of Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":15,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005482767","https://openalex.org/A5100658865","https://openalex.org/A5113695262"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210116048","https://openalex.org/I4210128533","https://openalex.org/I4210155088","https://openalex.org/I4210165038","https://openalex.org/I4391768210"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97820539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"12","first_page":"7771","last_page":"7778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12425","display_name":"Industrial Gas Emission Control","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate-formation","display_name":"sulfate formation","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-haze","display_name":"winter haze","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-china","display_name":"North China","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-phase-oxidation","display_name":"gas-phase oxidation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-peroxide-oxidation","display_name":"hydrogen peroxide oxidation","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-water","display_name":"aerosol water","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrf-chem","display_name":"WRF-Chem","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-transport-modeling","display_name":"chemical transport modeling","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stable-stratification","display_name":"stable stratification","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643546","display_name":"Haze","level":2,"score":0.9309603571891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.9083032011985779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.7592229843139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5597859621047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117936","display_name":"Sulfate aerosol","level":3,"score":0.5139095783233643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778337684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3173700","display_name":"Apportionment","level":2,"score":0.5039648413658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.47156235575675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.3754376471042633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33659762144088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3272358775138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07494217157363892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000336","descriptor_name":"Aerosols","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002681","descriptor_name":"China","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004784","descriptor_name":"Environmental Monitoring","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006861","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013431","descriptor_name":"Sulfates","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013461","descriptor_name":"Sulfur Oxides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D052638","descriptor_name":"Particulate Matter","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13479253","display_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","issn_l":"0013-936X","issn":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Science & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35609338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35609338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental science & technology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1131747581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41822703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1347493409","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0209500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3362079554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92044302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3900538043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91644212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6098882161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42075180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7359120966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91844301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588537812","https://openalex.org/W1670569243","https://openalex.org/W1841136326","https://openalex.org/W1964598317","https://openalex.org/W1968475178","https://openalex.org/W1972318094","https://openalex.org/W1979659508","https://openalex.org/W1999548826","https://openalex.org/W2039586189","https://openalex.org/W2055499112","https://openalex.org/W2062481730","https://openalex.org/W2067318157","https://openalex.org/W2094571126","https://openalex.org/W2097372174","https://openalex.org/W2109254960","https://openalex.org/W2120890550","https://openalex.org/W2127754110","https://openalex.org/W2153146321","https://openalex.org/W2166604768","https://openalex.org/W2212118466","https://openalex.org/W2243033307","https://openalex.org/W2280392924","https://openalex.org/W2470577533","https://openalex.org/W2511369165","https://openalex.org/W2554285426","https://openalex.org/W2564015495","https://openalex.org/W2566332937","https://openalex.org/W2613120473","https://openalex.org/W2756356287","https://openalex.org/W2785348546","https://openalex.org/W2792871713","https://openalex.org/W2795869590","https://openalex.org/W2797722950","https://openalex.org/W2896644176","https://openalex.org/W2900028555","https://openalex.org/W2910302786","https://openalex.org/W2914808723","https://openalex.org/W2952450948","https://openalex.org/W2953593960","https://openalex.org/W2980782403","https://openalex.org/W2996892187","https://openalex.org/W3005451478","https://openalex.org/W3005610735","https://openalex.org/W3014326413","https://openalex.org/W3033223258","https://openalex.org/W3082232014","https://openalex.org/W3086296031","https://openalex.org/W3121410202","https://openalex.org/W3136207120","https://openalex.org/W3149974529","https://openalex.org/W3202012626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400984377","https://openalex.org/W3149974529","https://openalex.org/W3168231371","https://openalex.org/W4389163676","https://openalex.org/W4285602496","https://openalex.org/W3087738251","https://openalex.org/W7214290175","https://openalex.org/W2910302786","https://openalex.org/W2990583540","https://openalex.org/W4283811075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2],"large":[3],"gap":[4],"between":[5],"the":[6,39,65,76,89,94,113,118,148,168],"simulated":[7],"and":[8,42,135,155],"observed":[9],"sulfate":[10,21,53,67,77,90,114],"concentrations":[11],"during":[12,79,174],"winter":[13,175],"haze":[14,80,176],"events":[15],"in":[16,104,140],"North":[17],"China.":[18],"Although":[19],"multiphase":[20],"formation":[22,68,78,91],"mechanisms":[23],"have":[24,28],"been":[25,30],"proposed,":[26],"they":[27],"not":[29],"evaluated":[31],"using":[32],"chemical":[33],"transport":[34],"models.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"Weather":[40],"Research":[41],"Forecasting":[43],"model":[44],"coupled":[45],"with":[46],"Chemistry":[47],"(WRF-Chem)":[48],"was":[49,56,64],"used":[50],"to":[51,88,93,147,167],"apportion":[52],"formation.":[54],"It":[55],"found":[57],"that":[58],"Mn-catalyzed":[59],"oxidation":[60,83,103],"on":[61],"aerosol":[62,105,141,150],"surfaces":[63],"dominant":[66],"pathway,":[69],"accounting":[70],"for":[71,108],"92.3":[72],"\u00b1":[73,86,110],"3.5%":[74],"of":[75,112,121,129],"events.":[81,177],"Gas-phase":[82],"contributed":[84],"3.1":[85],"0.5%":[87],"due":[92,166],"low":[95,149,153],"OH":[96],"levels.":[97],"The":[98,127,159],"H":[99,122],"2":[100,102,123,125,133],"O":[101,124,130],"water":[106,142,151],"accounted":[107],"4.2":[109],"3.6%":[111],"formation,":[115],"caused":[116],"by":[117,171],"rapid":[119],"consumption":[120],".":[126],"contributions":[128,160],"3,":[131],"NO":[132],"oxidation,":[134],"transition":[136],"metal":[137],"ion-catalyzed":[138],"reactions":[139,163],"could":[143],"be":[144],"negligible":[145,165],"owing":[146],"content,":[152],"pH,":[154],"high":[156],"ionic":[157],"strength.":[158],"from":[161],"in-cloud":[162],"were":[164],"barrier":[169],"provided":[170],"stable":[172],"stratification":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2022-05-26T00:00:00"}