{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281479994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","title":"Validity and reliability of the Dari version of the CES-D scale among the general population of Herat, Afghanistan: A methodological study","display_name":"Validity and reliability of the Dari version of the CES-D scale among the general population of Herat, Afghanistan: A methodological study","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281479994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","pdf_url":"https://rimj.org/pubs/index.php/journal/article/download/35/36","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280385","display_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2789-4711","issn":["2789-4711","2790-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387152236","host_organization_name":"Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://rimj.org/pubs/index.php/journal/article/download/35/36","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043265728","display_name":"Ahmad Neyazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-6164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-6164"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Neyazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Afghanistan Medical Students Association"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Afghanistan Medical Students Association","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025897890","display_name":"Nurperihan Tosun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-3099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6548-3099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12700597","display_name":"Sivas Cumhuriyet \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/04f81fm77","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12700597"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurperihan Tosun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sivas Cumhuriyet University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12700597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116271089","display_name":"Sayed Farooq Hosaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4823","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4823"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131979068","display_name":"Herat University","ror":"https://ror.org/050zs3956","country_code":"AF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131979068"]}],"countries":["AF"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farooq Hosaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Herat University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Herat University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131979068"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062702667","display_name":"Surasak Saokaew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-0660","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-0660"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090662","display_name":"University of Phayao","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5mh069","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090662"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surasak Saokaew","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Phayao"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Phayao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77595443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.8314999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.8314999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.11029999703168869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.03959999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ces-d-scale","display_name":"CES-D scale","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dari-language","display_name":"Dari language","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-assessment","display_name":"depression assessment","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-translation","display_name":"scale translation","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-depression","display_name":"subthreshold depression","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herat-province","display_name":"Herat province","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/afghanistan","display_name":"Afghanistan","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.7246874570846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6385573148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5984916090965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5813318490982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.5359148979187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.5307540893554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.44977283477783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4429927468299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778564845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207666","display_name":"Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale","level":4,"score":0.43347248435020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.432406485080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4241597056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.3196023404598236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24977627396583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2059626281261444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.19209301471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17951637506484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15158697962760925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.11302590370178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.1052541732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09226030111312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019858935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4340209","display_name":"Depressive symptoms","level":3,"score":0.09124299883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.0713990330696106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","pdf_url":"https://rimj.org/pubs/index.php/journal/article/download/35/36","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280385","display_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2789-4711","issn":["2789-4711","2790-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387152236","host_organization_name":"Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7dc4f3a563854954b88c51288be8ae6a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7dc4f3a563854954b88c51288be8ae6a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Razi International Medical Journal, Vol 2, Iss 1 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v2i1.35","pdf_url":"https://rimj.org/pubs/index.php/journal/article/download/35/36","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387280385","display_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","issn_l":"2789-4711","issn":["2789-4711","2790-2080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387152236","host_organization_name":"Afghanistan Center for Epidemiological Studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152236"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Razi International Medical Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281479994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281479994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8817376","https://openalex.org/W1462686793","https://openalex.org/W1813498625","https://openalex.org/W1971827490","https://openalex.org/W1995847178","https://openalex.org/W2008170828","https://openalex.org/W2017585287","https://openalex.org/W2053105658","https://openalex.org/W2076666184","https://openalex.org/W2077996804","https://openalex.org/W2078723241","https://openalex.org/W2110927190","https://openalex.org/W2128205823","https://openalex.org/W2139095467","https://openalex.org/W2142786138","https://openalex.org/W2159061031","https://openalex.org/W2162510673","https://openalex.org/W2165930815","https://openalex.org/W2170701421","https://openalex.org/W2171340584","https://openalex.org/W2360983404","https://openalex.org/W2410424531","https://openalex.org/W2411280411","https://openalex.org/W2804058892","https://openalex.org/W2807669085","https://openalex.org/W2945933621","https://openalex.org/W3096456827","https://openalex.org/W3178075437","https://openalex.org/W4301352023","https://openalex.org/W7046437629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177025276","https://openalex.org/W7117134582","https://openalex.org/W4387401672","https://openalex.org/W1977738361","https://openalex.org/W2976511301","https://openalex.org/W2412522797","https://openalex.org/W4205846409","https://openalex.org/W1969073284","https://openalex.org/W1886118618","https://openalex.org/W4402207154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Depression":[1,18],"is":[2,21,214],"considered":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,29,37,70,74,171,175,202,210,224,227],"the":[6,38,45,63,67,79,89,93,123,155,159,168,172,176,183,193,207,211,221,238],"significant":[7],"pressing":[8],"public":[9],"health":[10],"problems":[11],"globally.":[12],"The":[13,27,84,96,127,141,163,189,200,229],"Center":[14],"for":[15,23,111,186,192],"Epidemiologic":[16],"Studies":[17],"(CES-D)":[19],"scale":[20,91,178,196,213,230],"valuable":[22],"assessing":[24],"subthreshold":[25],"depression.":[26],"purpose":[28],"this":[30,203],"study":[31,51,204],"was":[32,52,98,129,182,197],"to":[33,82,121,218],"investigate":[34],"various":[35],"aspects":[36],"CES-D":[39,90,177,212],"scale's":[40],"validity":[41],"and":[42,58,106,115,136,158,216,234],"reliability":[43,128],"in":[44,66,146],"Afghan":[46],"population.":[47],"Method:":[48],"This":[49],"methodological":[50],"conducted":[53],"between":[54],"6th":[55],"June":[56],"2021":[57,61],"12th":[59],"July":[60],"among":[62,220,237],"general":[64,222],"population":[65,223,239],"Herat":[68,225],"province":[69,226],"Afghanistan.":[71,228],"A":[72],"total":[73,137],"424":[75],"participants":[76],"filled":[77],"out":[78],"questionnaires":[80],"provided":[81],"them.":[83],"forward-backward":[85],"translation":[86],"method":[87],"translated":[88],"into":[92],"Dari":[94,173,208],"language.":[95],"data":[97],"statistically":[99],"analyzed":[100],"using":[101],"IBM":[102],"SPSS":[103],"version":[104,108,174,209],"24.0":[105,109],"AMOS":[107],"software":[110],"Windows.":[112],"Exploratory":[113],"(EFA)":[114],"confirmatory":[116],"factor":[117,124,143],"analysis":[118,144],"were":[119],"used":[120],"assess":[122,232],"structure":[125],"(CFA).":[126],"assessed":[130],"by":[131],"Cronbach\u2019s":[132,190],"alpha,":[133],"inter-item":[134],"correlation,":[135],"item":[138],"correlation.":[139],"Result:":[140],"exploratory":[142],"resulted":[145,169],"three":[147],"factors":[148],"(Depressed":[149],"affect":[150,161],"&":[151],"Somatic":[152],"complaints":[153],"factor,":[154,157],"Interpersonal":[156],"Positive":[160],"factor).":[162],"CFA":[164],"result":[165],"suggested":[166],"that":[167,206],"model":[170],"with":[179,242],"19":[180,194],"items":[181,195],"best":[184],"fit":[185],"our":[187],"data.":[188],"alpha":[191],"0.874.":[198],"Conclusion:":[199],"results":[201],"show":[205],"valid":[215],"reliable":[217],"use":[219],"can":[231],"depression":[233],"its":[235],"symptoms":[236],"mentioned":[240],"above":[241],"confidence.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-26T00:00:00"}
