{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4281249592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","title":"The Role of Crypto Trading in the Economy, Renewable Energy Consumption and Ecological Degradation","display_name":"The Role of Crypto Trading in the Economy, Renewable Energy Consumption and Ecological Degradation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4281249592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15103805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3805/pdf?version=1653364093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3805/pdf?version=1653364093","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066530169","display_name":"Rados\u0142aw Mi\u015bkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-4783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-4783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104588304","display_name":"University of Szczecin","ror":"https://ror.org/05vmz5070","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104588304"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rados\u0142aw Mi\u015bkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2370-4783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104588304"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052465314","display_name":"Krzysztof Matan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-529X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-529X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krzysztof Matan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Luma Holding, 4010 St. Julian, Malta"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-529X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luma Holding, 4010 St. Julian, Malta","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036373348","display_name":"Jakub Karnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-4753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4447-4753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18193975","display_name":"SGH Warsaw School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/032cph770","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18193975"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakub Karnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liberal Economics Unit, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liberal Economics Unit, Warsaw School of Economics, 02-554 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18193975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066530169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104588304"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2303},"fwci":21.925,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":114,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99425959,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"10","first_page":"3805","last_page":"3805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13331","display_name":"Energy and Environmental Sustainability","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency-trading","display_name":"cryptocurrency trading","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"cryptocurrency","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-consumption","display_name":"renewable energy consumption","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-degradation","display_name":"environmental degradation","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-fixed-capital-formation","display_name":"gross fixed capital formation","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globalization","display_name":"globalization","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-transformation","display_name":"digital transformation","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"energy consumption","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.7350854277610779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.6783998012542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5812960863113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5309835076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115781380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994824","display_name":"Gross fixed capital formation","level":3,"score":0.48960763216018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.46200937032699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.4273712933063507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.42051175236701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.41832512617111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.4175168573856354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4110988676548004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777172336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2700433","display_name":"Energy security","level":3,"score":0.41056057810783386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.33349475264549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2964668571949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.21194788813591003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.16147887706756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.14600983262062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.12445992231369019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10744759440422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0999029278755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15103805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3805/pdf?version=1653364093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:10:p:3805-:d:821066","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3805/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:622b0fa3e3dc451782956da9c9a47288","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/622b0fa3e3dc451782956da9c9a47288","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 15, Iss 10, p 3805 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en15103805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103805","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3805/pdf?version=1653364093","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.7811999917030334,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.685699999332428,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281249592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4281249592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003463011","https://openalex.org/W2059875792","https://openalex.org/W2267967139","https://openalex.org/W2341504038","https://openalex.org/W2509864968","https://openalex.org/W2607737791","https://openalex.org/W2617729518","https://openalex.org/W2729546405","https://openalex.org/W2761070900","https://openalex.org/W2769525650","https://openalex.org/W2785400778","https://openalex.org/W2884358933","https://openalex.org/W2897142515","https://openalex.org/W2902815328","https://openalex.org/W2906150427","https://openalex.org/W2921398416","https://openalex.org/W2924241320","https://openalex.org/W2936293201","https://openalex.org/W2948418850","https://openalex.org/W2949391598","https://openalex.org/W2950159125","https://openalex.org/W2950596122","https://openalex.org/W2964016764","https://openalex.org/W2969253867","https://openalex.org/W2969972354","https://openalex.org/W2970865628","https://openalex.org/W2975454702","https://openalex.org/W2984093061","https://openalex.org/W2994671677","https://openalex.org/W2999842172","https://openalex.org/W3001333558","https://openalex.org/W3011114218","https://openalex.org/W3013959323","https://openalex.org/W3014668058","https://openalex.org/W3028903880","https://openalex.org/W3033008156","https://openalex.org/W3035436232","https://openalex.org/W3036397807","https://openalex.org/W3039251715","https://openalex.org/W3049211401","https://openalex.org/W3080155531","https://openalex.org/W3084646109","https://openalex.org/W3093247650","https://openalex.org/W3097084827","https://openalex.org/W3106762638","https://openalex.org/W3110169070","https://openalex.org/W3113656055","https://openalex.org/W3116078119","https://openalex.org/W3126945892","https://openalex.org/W3127475351","https://openalex.org/W3127734936","https://openalex.org/W3128847564","https://openalex.org/W3134469006","https://openalex.org/W3135722187","https://openalex.org/W3149627734","https://openalex.org/W3153859824","https://openalex.org/W3155582590","https://openalex.org/W3155679979","https://openalex.org/W3157125151","https://openalex.org/W3159429203","https://openalex.org/W3161976699","https://openalex.org/W3161992119","https://openalex.org/W3167035068","https://openalex.org/W3174109680","https://openalex.org/W3179918748","https://openalex.org/W3185848622","https://openalex.org/W3189617276","https://openalex.org/W3194596327","https://openalex.org/W3198441512","https://openalex.org/W3199451237","https://openalex.org/W3212024230","https://openalex.org/W4200142587","https://openalex.org/W4200246505","https://openalex.org/W4200257497","https://openalex.org/W4205144273","https://openalex.org/W4205694312","https://openalex.org/W4206104185","https://openalex.org/W4206547636","https://openalex.org/W4206962076","https://openalex.org/W4207060878","https://openalex.org/W4210547963","https://openalex.org/W4214750610","https://openalex.org/W4220764968","https://openalex.org/W4220785655","https://openalex.org/W4220995777","https://openalex.org/W4221098136","https://openalex.org/W4225255745","https://openalex.org/W4235977489","https://openalex.org/W4248064967","https://openalex.org/W4252945108","https://openalex.org/W6603130605","https://openalex.org/W6798703333","https://openalex.org/W6950181696"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115912765","https://openalex.org/W4386802581","https://openalex.org/W3011994963","https://openalex.org/W4401124166","https://openalex.org/W4400936381","https://openalex.org/W4390338291","https://openalex.org/W4379383598","https://openalex.org/W4229333490","https://openalex.org/W3208258214","https://openalex.org/W4412437490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,105,152],"rapid":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,12,27,96,184,208],"information":[4],"technology":[5],"and":[6,54,81,102,123,136,142,147,169,181,213],"industrial":[7],"revolutions":[8],"provoked":[9,74],"digital":[10,21],"transformation":[11],"all":[13],"sectors,":[14],"from":[15],"the":[16,25,37,59,63,89,97,129,131,134,156,173,176,182,195,206],"government":[17],"to":[18,24,43,51,69,87,161,204],"households.":[19],"Moreover,":[20],"transformations":[22],"led":[23,42,68,160],"development":[26,95],"cryptocurrency.":[28],"However,":[29,171],"crypto":[30,40,66,92,158,179,209],"trading":[31,41,67,159,180,210],"provokes":[32],"a":[33],"dilemma":[34],"loop.":[35],"On":[36,62],"one":[38],"hand,":[39,65],"economic":[44,60,94],"development,":[45],"which":[46,73],"allowed":[47],"attracting":[48],"additional":[49],"resources":[50],"extending":[52],"smart":[53],"green":[55],"technologies":[56],"for":[57,107],"de-carbonising":[58],"growth.":[61],"other":[64],"intensifying":[70],"energy":[71,100,189],"sources,":[72],"an":[75],"increase":[76],"in":[77,114,172,187],"greenhouse":[78],"gas":[79],"emissions":[80],"environmental":[82,103],"degradation.":[83,104],"paper":[85,132],"aims":[86],"analyse":[88,205],"connections":[90],"between":[91,178],"trading,":[93],"country,":[98],"renewable":[99,185],"consumption,":[101],"data":[106],"analysis":[108],"were":[109],"obtained":[110],"from:":[111],"Our":[112],"World":[113,116],"Data,":[115],"Data":[117],"Bank,":[118],"Eurostat,":[119],"Ukrstat,":[120],"Crystal":[121],"Blockchain,":[122],"KOF":[124],"Globalisation":[125],"Index.":[126],"To":[127],"check":[128],"hypothesis,":[130],"applied":[133],"Pedroni":[135],"Kao":[137],"panel":[138,144],"cointegration":[139,145],"tests,":[140],"FMOLS":[141],"DOLS":[143],"models,":[146],"Vector":[148],"Error":[149],"Correction":[150],"Models.":[151],"findings":[153],"concluded":[154],"that":[155],"increasing":[157],"enhanced":[162],"GDP,":[163],"real":[164],"gross":[165],"fixed":[166],"capital":[167],"formation,":[168],"globalisation.":[170],"long":[174],"run,":[175],"relationship":[177],"share":[183],"energies":[186],"total":[188],"consumption":[190],"was":[191],"not":[192],"confirmed":[193],"by":[194],"empirical":[196],"results.":[197],"For":[198],"further":[199],"directions,":[200],"it":[201],"is":[202],"necessary":[203],"impact":[207],"on":[211],"land":[212],"water":[214],"pollution.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-23T00:00:00"}