{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280589986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","title":"Public Opinion and Impression Management in the Communication of Performance During the Second Iraq War","display_name":"Public Opinion and Impression Management in the Communication of Performance During the Second Iraq War","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280589986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206124708","display_name":"Organization Science","issn_l":"1047-7039","issn":["1047-7039","1526-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organization Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062351587","display_name":"Pino G. Audia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-513X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-513X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pino G. Audia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-513X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084042666","display_name":"Horacio Enrique Rousseau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-2888","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-2888"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horacio E. Rousseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Business, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-2888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Business, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083576483","display_name":"Mary Kate Stimmler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Kate Stimmler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, California 94043"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, California 94043","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80449254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"2","first_page":"777","last_page":"800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"Media Studies and Communication","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10344","display_name":"Management and Organizational Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"public opinion","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impression-management","display_name":"impression management","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-disclosure","display_name":"performance disclosure","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"transparency","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-support-for-war","display_name":"public support for war","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-framing","display_name":"information framing","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversity","display_name":"adversity","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strategic-disclosure","display_name":"strategic disclosure","score":0.37700000405311584}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.6190057992935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5963326096534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127840","display_name":"Pentagon","level":2,"score":0.5715643763542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5326402187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.506222665309906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4994750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210504","display_name":"Impression management","level":2,"score":0.5005927085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41707533597946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3352290987968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31764018535614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2876003682613373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27956950664520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21411842107772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S206124708","display_name":"Organization Science","issn_l":"1047-7039","issn":["1047-7039","1526-5455"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-1-star","ft50","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","utd24","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315699","host_organization_name":"Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315699"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Organization Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6207000017166138,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74820659","https://openalex.org/W78029480","https://openalex.org/W1204872092","https://openalex.org/W1482423698","https://openalex.org/W1485893541","https://openalex.org/W1503344047","https://openalex.org/W1599823125","https://openalex.org/W1649236539","https://openalex.org/W1965278510","https://openalex.org/W1968989321","https://openalex.org/W1971805457","https://openalex.org/W1972958769","https://openalex.org/W1973844043","https://openalex.org/W1976319054","https://openalex.org/W1976891081","https://openalex.org/W1981425990","https://openalex.org/W1987196420","https://openalex.org/W1988345431","https://openalex.org/W1989177520","https://openalex.org/W1994323678","https://openalex.org/W2004508718","https://openalex.org/W2009714462","https://openalex.org/W2027769082","https://openalex.org/W2047434404","https://openalex.org/W2053345762","https://openalex.org/W2055155686","https://openalex.org/W2056225081","https://openalex.org/W2062242082","https://openalex.org/W2062701406","https://openalex.org/W2065710950","https://openalex.org/W2068359380","https://openalex.org/W2073861195","https://openalex.org/W2087107032","https://openalex.org/W2091427009","https://openalex.org/W2096045362","https://openalex.org/W2098621558","https://openalex.org/W2101903660","https://openalex.org/W2105669779","https://openalex.org/W2105851444","https://openalex.org/W2106550921","https://openalex.org/W2111873294","https://openalex.org/W2113401221","https://openalex.org/W2113511292","https://openalex.org/W2113984561","https://openalex.org/W2119571010","https://openalex.org/W2123272973","https://openalex.org/W2126515430","https://openalex.org/W2132589046","https://openalex.org/W2134310663","https://openalex.org/W2136112347","https://openalex.org/W2139233234","https://openalex.org/W2141466153","https://openalex.org/W2145333205","https://openalex.org/W2148222547","https://openalex.org/W2150375325","https://openalex.org/W2151927329","https://openalex.org/W2153522882","https://openalex.org/W2153744606","https://openalex.org/W2156464206","https://openalex.org/W2156843631","https://openalex.org/W2158601931","https://openalex.org/W2161779351","https://openalex.org/W2167928095","https://openalex.org/W2321060717","https://openalex.org/W2472684153","https://openalex.org/W2494004063","https://openalex.org/W2497046050","https://openalex.org/W2508874254","https://openalex.org/W2550061574","https://openalex.org/W2559027615","https://openalex.org/W2598735787","https://openalex.org/W2762064429","https://openalex.org/W2767266407","https://openalex.org/W2769541355","https://openalex.org/W2779455079","https://openalex.org/W2790903910","https://openalex.org/W2806019103","https://openalex.org/W2884295076","https://openalex.org/W2914399311","https://openalex.org/W2969856783","https://openalex.org/W2982350407","https://openalex.org/W3013325866","https://openalex.org/W3121311011","https://openalex.org/W3122040857","https://openalex.org/W3122470046","https://openalex.org/W3123354546","https://openalex.org/W3124466808","https://openalex.org/W3149334500","https://openalex.org/W4211039724","https://openalex.org/W4233898295","https://openalex.org/W4234980633","https://openalex.org/W4236695168","https://openalex.org/W4237123392","https://openalex.org/W4238060875","https://openalex.org/W4244468879","https://openalex.org/W4249113798","https://openalex.org/W4296586256","https://openalex.org/W4299601558","https://openalex.org/W4367314869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366086395","https://openalex.org/W3092736052","https://openalex.org/W281144518","https://openalex.org/W2009210755","https://openalex.org/W2484638760","https://openalex.org/W2275341026","https://openalex.org/W3088096220","https://openalex.org/W608231219","https://openalex.org/W2080913687","https://openalex.org/W2046701103"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"studies":[1],"show":[2],"that":[3,46,111,122,146,165,168],"organizations":[4,26,92],"engaged":[5],"in":[6,30,90,132],"controversial":[7],"actions":[8],"often":[9,99],"aim":[10],"to":[11,27,55,72,96,224],"minimize":[12],"the":[13,49,56,59,70,88,116,120,158,183,208,218],"release":[14,125],"of":[15,51,161,185,200,220],"threatening":[16],"information,":[17],"scholars":[18],"know":[19],"relatively":[20],"little":[21],"about":[22,80,127],"what":[23],"may":[24,47],"prompt":[25],"increase":[28,119],"transparency":[29],"these":[31],"situations.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34,148,222],"study,":[35],"we":[36,67,195],"focus":[37,68],"on":[38,69,182],"support":[39,114,156,197],"from":[40],"public":[41,74,113,155,188,193,211],"opinion":[42,189,212],"as":[43,63,102,140],"a":[44,103,172,177],"condition":[45],"influence":[48],"disclosure":[50],"sensitive":[52,128],"performance":[53,95,130,163],"information":[54,79,126],"public.":[57],"Using":[58,176],"second":[60],"Iraq":[61],"War":[62],"an":[64],"empirical":[65],"context,":[66],"extent":[71],"which":[73,91],"officials\u2014Pentagon":[75],"spokespersons\u2014release":[76],"and":[77,136,142,191,213,216],"frame":[78],"war":[81,117],"performance.":[82],"This":[83],"outcome":[84],"is":[85,232],"critical":[86],"because":[87],"way":[89],"communicate":[93],"their":[94,133],"outsiders":[97],"has":[98],"been":[100],"regarded":[101],"key":[104],"defensive":[105],"impression":[106,214],"management":[107,215],"tactic.":[108],"We":[109,150,203],"hypothesize":[110],"high":[112,154],"for":[115,198,206],"will":[118],"likelihood":[121],"Pentagon":[123],"officials":[124],"combat":[129],"indicators":[131],"press":[134,186],"briefings":[135],"identify":[137],"contingencies,":[138],"such":[139],"adversity":[141],"organizational":[143],"spokespersons\u2019":[144],"power,":[145],"moderate":[147],"relationship.":[149],"also":[151],"explore":[152],"whether":[153],"decreases":[157],"strategic":[159],"use":[160],"alternate":[162],"frames":[164],"emphasize":[166],"metrics":[167],"signal":[169],"progress":[170],"toward":[171],"desirable":[173],"end":[174],"state.":[175],"unique":[178],"data":[179],"set":[180],"based":[181],"coding":[184],"briefings,":[187],"data,":[190],"other":[192],"sources,":[194],"find":[196],"several":[199],"our":[201],"hypotheses.":[202],"discuss":[204],"implications":[205],"understanding":[207],"relationship":[209],"between":[210],"highlight":[217],"importance":[219],"extending":[221],"research":[223],"nongovernmental":[225],"organizations.":[226],"Supplemental":[227],"Material:":[228],"The":[229],"online":[230],"appendix":[231],"available":[233],"at":[234],"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1598":[235],".":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2022-05-22T00:00:00"}