{"id":"https://openalex.org/W425895225","doi":null,"title":"Privacy, Surveillance, and Law","display_name":"Privacy, Surveillance, and Law","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W425895225","mag":"425895225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:uclrev-5655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","pdf_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Chicago Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045732747","display_name":"Richard A. Posner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Posner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University-of Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University-of Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045732747"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.8015,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99290683,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"1","first_page":"245","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.8622999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy","display_name":"privacy","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance","display_name":"surveillance","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"secrecy","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-information","display_name":"personal data","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-distress","display_name":"emotional distress","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extortion","display_name":"extortion","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nude-photographs","display_name":"nude photographs","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776323365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171180","display_name":"Taboo","level":2,"score":0.7472362518310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6663509011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94931360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q607728","display_name":"Irrational number","level":2,"score":0.596174418926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.5671752095222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.5242559909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4663466811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.46059003472328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.4291912913322449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40957891941070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3231624960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.28054919838905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.19781798124313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12807515263557434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:uclrev-5655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","pdf_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Chicago Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:journal_articles-2808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/journal_articles/1809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:425895225","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://lawreview.uchicago.edu/sites/lawreview.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/75.1/75_1_Posner.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S21339052","display_name":"The University of Chicago Law Review","issn_l":"0041-9494","issn":["0041-9494","1939-859X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316340","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Law School","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316340","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Law School","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The University of Chicago Law Review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:chicagounbound.uchicago.edu:uclrev-5655","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","pdf_url":"https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclrev/vol75/iss1/11","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of Chicago Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W425895225.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W425895225.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994857164","https://openalex.org/W4251019582","https://openalex.org/W2288552649","https://openalex.org/W2948240427","https://openalex.org/W3142872899","https://openalex.org/W7145796127","https://openalex.org/W3021485908","https://openalex.org/W2021998881","https://openalex.org/W7042746473","https://openalex.org/W2113132663"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy\"":[0],"is":[1,9,15,43,61,103,105,109,176,192,206,265,296],"a":[2,29,62,110,144,147,177,200,250,269,278,283,291],"word":[3],"of":[4,35,91,116,138,154,257,260,318,325,337],"many":[5,55,255],"meanings.The":[6],"meaning":[7],"that":[8,47,133,175,189,205],"most":[10,117],"relevant":[11],"to":[12,26,84,131,183,221,228,273,311],"this":[13,102],"essay":[14],"secrecy-the":[16],"interest":[17,32],"in":[18,33,65,119,146,161,225,244,299,305,314,333],"concealing":[19],"personal":[20,36,261],"information":[21,37,49],"about":[22,113],"oneself.But":[23],"I":[24],"need":[25],"distinguish":[27],"between":[28],"person's":[30],"pure":[31],"concealment":[34,259],"and":[38,72,77,174,252],"his":[39,275,287],"instrumental":[40,213,258],"interest,":[41],"which":[42],"based":[44],"on":[45],"fear":[46],"the":[48,66,92,114,216,219,237,242,263,294,302,316,319,328],"will":[50],"be":[51,85,129],"used":[52,218],"against":[53],"him.In":[54],"cultures,":[56],"including":[57],"our":[58,120],"own,":[59],"there":[60,97],"nudity":[63],"taboo.Except":[64],"sex":[67],"industry":[68],"(prostitution,":[69],"striptease,":[70],"pornography,":[71],"so":[73,104],"forth),":[74],"nudist":[75],"colonies,":[76],"locker":[78],"rooms,":[79],"people":[80,118],"generally":[81],"are":[82,98],"embarrassed":[83],"seen":[86,142],"naked":[87],"by":[88,143],"strangers,":[89],"particularly":[90],"opposite":[93],"sex,":[94],"even":[95,179],"when":[96],"no":[99,185,193],"practical":[100,163],"consequences.Why":[101],"unclear;":[106],"but":[107],"it":[108,165,181,191],"brute":[111],"fact":[112],"psychology":[115],"society.A":[121],"woman":[122,304],"(an":[123],"occasional":[124],"man":[125],"as":[126,233],"well)":[127],"might":[128,166,271],"disturbed":[130],"learn":[132],"nude":[134],"photographs":[135],"taken":[136],"surreptitiously":[137],"her":[139,160,168,230],"had":[140],"been":[141],"stranger":[145,217],"remote":[148],"country":[149],"before":[150],"being":[151,209],"destroyed.That":[152],"invasion":[153],"privacy":[155],"would":[156,248],"not":[157,297,309],"have":[158,184,249],"harmed":[159],"any":[162],"sense.Yet":[164],"cause":[167],"at":[169],"least":[170],"transitory":[171],"emotional":[172,203],"distress,":[173],"harm":[178],"if":[180,215],"seems":[182],"rational":[186],"basis":[187],"(in":[188],"respect":[190],"different":[194,251],"from":[195,211,282,290],"having":[196],"nightmares":[197],"after":[198],"watching":[199],"horror":[201],"movie-another":[202],"reaction":[204],"real":[207],"despite":[208],"irrational":[210],"an":[212,226,234],"standpoint).But":[214],"photos":[220,243],"blackmail":[222],"her,":[223],"or,":[224],"effort":[227],"destroy":[229],"budding":[231],"career":[232],"anchorwoman":[235],"for":[236,327],"Christian":[238],"Broadcasting":[239],"System,":[240],"published":[241],"Hustler":[245],"magazine,":[246],"she":[247],"stronger":[253],"grievance.In":[254],"cases":[256],"information,":[262],"motive":[264,295],"disreputable":[266,298],"(deceptive,":[267],"manipulative):":[268],"person":[270],"want":[272],"conceal":[274],"age,":[276],"or":[277,286],"serious":[279],"health":[280],"problem,":[281],"prospective":[284,292],"spouse":[285],"criminal":[288],"record":[289],"employer.But":[293],"all":[300],"cases;":[301],"blackmailed":[303],"my":[306],"example":[307],"was":[308],"trying":[310],"mislead":[312],"anyone":[313],"resisting":[315],"publication":[317],"photos.t":[320],"Judge,":[321],"United":[322],"States":[323],"Court":[324],"Appeals":[326],"Seventh":[329],"Circuit;":[330],"Senior":[331],"Lecturer":[332],"Law,":[334],"The":[335],"University":[336],"Chicago.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
