{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4256613004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","title":"dead","display_name":"dead","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4256613004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dictionary of Gems and Gemology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376536701","display_name":"Dictionary of Gems and Gemology"},"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13443","display_name":"Mineralogy and Gemology Studies","score":0.7148000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13443","display_name":"Mineralogy and Gemology Studies","score":0.7148000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.1559000015258789,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemstones","display_name":"gemstones","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-loss","display_name":"optical loss","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brilliance","display_name":"brilliance","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"dispersion","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"scintillation","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemstone-cutting","display_name":"gemstone cutting","score":0.5120000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.24859493970870972}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72816-0_5867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dictionary of Gems and Gemology","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249833989","https://openalex.org/W4242861921","https://openalex.org/W2908547642","https://openalex.org/W4232820308","https://openalex.org/W4256360342","https://openalex.org/W4238165504","https://openalex.org/W7096360479","https://openalex.org/W4233230991","https://openalex.org/W4235953488","https://openalex.org/W4255718891"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}