{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255791084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0","title":"Atomic force microscopy","display_name":"Atomic force microscopy","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255791084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/345839a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039739602","display_name":"Craig B. Prater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6972-7613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6972-7613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. B. Prater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039070558","display_name":"Hans\u2010J\u00fcrgen Butt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-2618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5391-2618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. J. Butt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055980912","display_name":"Paul K. Hansma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-0615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-0615"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. K. Hansma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63143216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"345","issue":"6278","first_page":"839","last_page":"840"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12224","display_name":"Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-force-microscopy","display_name":"atomic force microscopy","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-resolution-imaging","display_name":"atomic resolution imaging","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-resolution-imaging","display_name":"molecular resolution imaging","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-in-liquids","display_name":"imaging in liquids","score":0.5379999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-imaging","display_name":"surface imaging","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102951782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49295","display_name":"Atomic force microscopy","level":2,"score":0.7417882084846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181635281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2799395","display_name":"Magnetic force microscope","level":4,"score":0.5634565353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83898325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324110","display_name":"Kelvin probe force microscope","level":3,"score":0.522411584854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147080431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074953","display_name":"Microscopy","level":2,"score":0.48126858472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.470700740814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4611840844154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67649825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196538","display_name":"Microscope","level":2,"score":0.4181775450706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41286972165107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.373680055141449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33250701427459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28743135929107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19202908873558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06931576132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.05410066246986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/345839a0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/345839a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992984362","https://openalex.org/W2003544569","https://openalex.org/W2004592849","https://openalex.org/W2013854174","https://openalex.org/W2014850560","https://openalex.org/W2016473752","https://openalex.org/W2022199808","https://openalex.org/W2060973304","https://openalex.org/W2064391301","https://openalex.org/W2114239677","https://openalex.org/W2149970658","https://openalex.org/W2154111143","https://openalex.org/W3150248096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254829041","https://openalex.org/W1987858867","https://openalex.org/W7095363938","https://openalex.org/W2217289370","https://openalex.org/W25712753","https://openalex.org/W2205892649","https://openalex.org/W2143735697","https://openalex.org/W2082682150","https://openalex.org/W7100241412","https://openalex.org/W1967445304"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
