{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255648648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","title":"6.5 Applications","display_name":"6.5 Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255648648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials, Volume I","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242676333","display_name":"Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials, Volume I"},"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019435170","display_name":"Hubert J\u00e4ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-5547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5426-5547"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert J\u00e4ger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017512988","display_name":"Wilhelm Frohs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilhelm Frohs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"243","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11947","display_name":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11947","display_name":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","score":0.6255000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13465","display_name":"Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies","score":0.20200000703334808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14428","display_name":"Coal and Coke Industries Research","score":0.03909999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite-materials","display_name":"graphite materials","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prebaked-anodes","display_name":"prebaked anodes","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aluminum-electrolysis","display_name":"aluminum electrolysis","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-recycling","display_name":"steel recycling","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphite-electrodes","display_name":"graphite electrodes","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-arc-furnace","display_name":"electric arc furnace","score":0.8960000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192097918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917714","display_name":"Scrap","level":2,"score":0.800199031829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.6374036073684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.5960003733634949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4931456446647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4757884740829468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.473890483379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.446856290102005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157247726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748405","display_name":"Smelting","level":2,"score":0.41204512119293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3699519634246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36585354804992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3322790861129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.20420828461647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13915470242500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09505191445350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.06226372718811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527674046.ch6_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Industrial Carbon and Graphite Materials, Volume I","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.878000020980835,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.807699978351593,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183726319","https://openalex.org/W2790123615","https://openalex.org/W2388544392","https://openalex.org/W2353683686","https://openalex.org/W2185580211","https://openalex.org/W4206726814","https://openalex.org/W2372360876","https://openalex.org/W3194170065","https://openalex.org/W4416971807","https://openalex.org/W2742189787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1,98,134],"provides":[2],"an":[3,141],"insight":[4],"in":[5,32,58,131,140],"the":[6,20,27,40,43,49,53,59,86,94,101,122,126,149],"most":[7],"important":[8],"areas":[9],"of":[10,29,42,48,55,78,129],"use":[11,74],"for":[12],"polygranular":[13],"carbon":[14,23],"and":[15,47,62,82,106,116,125,147],"graphite":[16,117],"materials.":[17],"It":[18,120],"describes":[19,100],"2013":[21],"state-of-the-art":[22],"plant":[24],"responding":[25],"to":[26,38],"challenge":[28],"production":[30,44,105],"encountered":[31],"large":[33],"new":[34],"smelters.":[35],"In":[36],"order":[37],"understand":[39],"relevance":[41],"equipment":[45],"features":[46],"anode":[50],"quality":[51],"figures,":[52],"role":[54],"prebaked":[56],"anodes":[57],"electrolysis":[60,72],"process":[61],"their":[63,79],"performance":[64],"are":[65],"first":[66],"briefly":[67],"described.":[68],"Most":[69],"modern":[70],"high-performance":[71],"cells":[73],"graphitized":[75],"cathodes":[76],"because":[77],"superior":[80],"electrical":[81],"thermal":[83],"properties,":[84],"addressing":[85],"increased":[87],"requirements":[88,124],"on":[89,113],"cell":[90],"lining":[91],"materials":[92,109],"over":[93],"last":[95],"decades.":[96],"The":[97,133],"also":[99],"connection":[102],"between":[103],"steel":[104,114],"presents":[107],"carbonaceous":[108],"with":[110],"special":[111],"focus":[112],"recycling":[115],"electrodes":[118],"(GEs).":[119],"analyzes":[121],"application":[123],"wear":[127],"mechanism":[128],"GEs":[130],"action.":[132],"explores":[135],"how":[136],"scrap":[137],"is":[138],"molten":[139],"electric":[142],"arc":[143],"furnaces":[144],"(EAF)":[145],"operation":[146],"about":[148],"EAF":[150],"itself.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}