{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255573722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","title":"Activation by marginally perceptible (\"subliminal\") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition.","display_name":"Activation by marginally perceptible (\"subliminal\") stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255573722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","mag":"2560784939","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7897340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62013203","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","issn_l":"0096-3445","issn":["0096-3445","1939-2222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034477399","display_name":"Anthony G. Greenwald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-8552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-8552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Greenwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology NI-25, University of Washington, Seattle 98195"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology NI-25, University of Washington, Seattle 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083116339","display_name":"Mark R. Klinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Klinger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041620788","display_name":"Eric S. Schuh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric S. Schuh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2305,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":327,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92972623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"1","first_page":"22","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.17180000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.17180000245571136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.1306000053882599,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13841","display_name":"Psychology of Social Influence","score":0.10719999670982361,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subliminal-perception","display_name":"subliminal perception","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subliminal-priming","display_name":"subliminal priming","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unconscious-cognition","display_name":"unconscious cognition","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscious-cognition","display_name":"conscious cognition","score":0.972000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151496658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310661","display_name":"Subliminal stimuli","level":2,"score":0.9725444316864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8247520923614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115786838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192105","display_name":"Unconscious mind","level":2,"score":0.780343234539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102931765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189673","display_name":"Dissociation (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6771959662437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6082800626754761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5574338436126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.5154362916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4129820764064789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3384910821914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.21322640776634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.19621092081069946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010465","descriptor_name":"Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010470","descriptor_name":"Perceptual Masking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013360","descriptor_name":"Subliminal Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014473","descriptor_name":"Unconscious, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037//0096-3445.124.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62013203","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","issn_l":"0096-3445","issn":["0096-3445","1939-2222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.22","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.22","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.124.1.22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62013203","display_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology General","issn_l":"0096-3445","issn":["0096-3445","1939-2222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: General","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7897340","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7897340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of experimental psychology. General","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.77.1688","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.77.1688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://faculty.washington.edu/agg/pdf/Gwald_Kling_Schuh_JEPG_1995.OCR.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2560784939","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/GREABM-2","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1237580290","display_name":"UNCONSCIOUS AND IMPLICIT COGNITION","funder_award_id":"R01MH041328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608188456","https://openalex.org/W630725483","https://openalex.org/W1784695092","https://openalex.org/W1949631606","https://openalex.org/W1964844602","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1968971215","https://openalex.org/W1989304657","https://openalex.org/W1996188185","https://openalex.org/W1997401149","https://openalex.org/W1999966370","https://openalex.org/W2001977737","https://openalex.org/W2002374079","https://openalex.org/W2004150666","https://openalex.org/W2006402527","https://openalex.org/W2010997645","https://openalex.org/W2011293440","https://openalex.org/W2014037779","https://openalex.org/W2024168339","https://openalex.org/W2024920304","https://openalex.org/W2028899916","https://openalex.org/W2039721859","https://openalex.org/W2040534780","https://openalex.org/W2043246786","https://openalex.org/W2044854963","https://openalex.org/W2056454027","https://openalex.org/W2056622185","https://openalex.org/W2060906577","https://openalex.org/W2062134700","https://openalex.org/W2062793957","https://openalex.org/W2064054859","https://openalex.org/W2068289922","https://openalex.org/W2071054017","https://openalex.org/W2071163587","https://openalex.org/W2081708696","https://openalex.org/W2087699193","https://openalex.org/W2088688169","https://openalex.org/W2092980071","https://openalex.org/W2099724560","https://openalex.org/W2110710591","https://openalex.org/W2118375263","https://openalex.org/W2119750321","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2122450421","https://openalex.org/W2133012096","https://openalex.org/W2133208067","https://openalex.org/W2137027721","https://openalex.org/W2139990756","https://openalex.org/W2142281018","https://openalex.org/W2154634575","https://openalex.org/W2333300532","https://openalex.org/W2552680839","https://openalex.org/W3029365224","https://openalex.org/W3116355248","https://openalex.org/W3146425672","https://openalex.org/W4255190884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038634060","https://openalex.org/W7100431529","https://openalex.org/W7100639500","https://openalex.org/W2560784939","https://openalex.org/W2973333797","https://openalex.org/W3198451102","https://openalex.org/W2025085278","https://openalex.org/W3022460041","https://openalex.org/W3170956390","https://openalex.org/W2154597530"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduces":[0],"a":[1,48,77,111],"linear":[2],"regression":[3,55,89],"method":[4],"for":[5,83,129],"investigating":[6],"unconscious":[7,72,137],"cognition.":[8,147],"For":[9,76],"words":[10],"that":[11,57,136],"were":[12,27],"obscured":[13],"by":[14],"simultaneous":[15],"dichoptic":[16],"masking,":[17],"indirect":[18,40,60],"effects":[19,24,43],"(semantic":[20],"priming)":[21],"and":[22,41,70,113],"direct":[23,42,68,120],"(perceptual":[25],"identification)":[26],"assessed":[28],"in":[29,52,63,97],"20":[30],"experiments":[31],"(total":[32],"N":[33],"=":[34],"2,026).":[35],"When":[36],"measures":[37],"of":[38,66,110],"both":[39],"have":[44],"rational":[45],"zero":[46],"points,":[47],"statistically":[49,104],"significant":[50,92],"intercept":[51,93,100],"the":[53,59,64,67,91,103,130],"indirect-on-direct-measure":[54],"shows":[56],"(a)":[58],"effect":[61,101,117],"occurred":[62],"absence":[65],"effect,":[69],"(b)":[71],"cognition":[73,138],"is":[74,139],"involved.":[75],"position":[78],"discrimination":[79],"task,":[80,87],"but":[81],"not":[82],"an":[84],"evaluative":[85],"decision":[86],"indirect-on-direct":[88],"showed":[90],"effect.":[94,121],"Although":[95],"small":[96],"magnitude,":[98],"this":[99,133],"provides":[102],"most":[105],"secure":[106],"finding":[107],"yet":[108],"obtained":[109],"much-sought":[112],"controversial":[114],"data":[115],"pattern--indirect":[116],"with":[118],"no":[119],"With":[122],"one":[123],"added":[124],"assumption":[125],"(which":[126],"appears":[127],"plausible":[128],"present":[131],"data),":[132],"pattern":[134],"indicates":[135],"dissociated":[140],"from":[141],"(i.e.,":[142],"occurs":[143],"separately":[144],"from)":[145],"conscious":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}