{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255402841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162","title":"Spontaneous Discovery and Use of Categorical Structure.","display_name":"Spontaneous Discovery and Use of Categorical Structure.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255402841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada290162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Air Force","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109927555","display_name":"Gordon H. Bower","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gordon H. Bower","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058133149","display_name":"John P. Clapper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Clapper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9204000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.06400000303983688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-structures","display_name":"categorical structure","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recognition-memory","display_name":"recognition memory","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation-order","display_name":"presentation order","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7495653033256531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46350544691085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1331094205379486}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21236/ada290162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ada290162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"US Dept of the Air Force","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.894.5855","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.894.5855","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD%3DADA261658%26Location%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497016608","https://openalex.org/W7100551586","https://openalex.org/W7099705297","https://openalex.org/W2067294818","https://openalex.org/W2094552242","https://openalex.org/W2055640270","https://openalex.org/W2606707963","https://openalex.org/W2155427185","https://openalex.org/W7096795688","https://openalex.org/W4248159155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"05":[0],"10":[1],"value,":[2],"autocorrelation,":[3],"feature,":[4],"default,":[5],"variable":[6,112],"19.":[7],"ABSTRACT":[8],"(Conue":[9],"on":[10,106],"reverse":[11],"of":[12,34,75,92,103],"neceusety":[13],"and":[14,89],"dentify":[15],"by":[16],"block":[17],"number)":[18],"These":[19],"experiments":[20],"investigated":[21],"unsupervised":[22,104],"category":[23],"learning":[24,105],"using":[25],"tasks":[26],"in":[27,113,120],"which":[28,57,121],"subjects--attempted":[29],"to":[30,65],"memorize":[31],"the":[32,86,90,95,117,124],"features":[33],"training":[35],"instances":[36,122],"from":[37,123],"two":[38,100,125],"contrasting":[39],"categories.":[40],"On":[41],"each":[42,70,83,107],"trial,":[43],"00":[44],"subjects":[45],"studied":[46],"a":[47],"verbal":[48],"feature":[49,84],"list":[50,71],"(training":[51],"instance)":[52],"for":[53,69],"24":[54],"seconds,":[55],"after":[56],"they":[58],"were":[59,127],"given":[60],"multi-pie":[61],"choice":[62],"recognition":[63,93],"tests":[64],"evaluate":[66],"their":[67],"memory":[68],"item.":[72],"The":[73,109,129],"amount":[74],"time":[76],"spent":[77],"look-":[78],"0":[79],"M":[80],"ing":[81],"at":[82],"during":[85,94],"study":[87],"phase,":[88,97],"accuracy":[91],"test":[96],"provided":[98],"I":[99],"separate":[101],"indices":[102],"trial.":[108],"main":[110],"independent":[111],"these":[114],"\u20ac-experiments":[115],"was":[116],"specific":[118],"sequence":[119],"categories":[126],"presented.":[128],"O":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}