{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4255333129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","title":"Directions","display_name":"Directions","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4255333129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27414576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36000085","display_name":"Nursing Standard","issn_l":"0029-6570","issn":["0029-6570","2047-9018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321297","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Nursing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321297"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Nursing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Standard","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"14","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11632","display_name":"Family and Disability Support Research","score":0.012900000438094139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-disability","display_name":"mental disability","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-care","display_name":"nursing care","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professions","display_name":"health professions","score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-impairment","display_name":"physical impairment","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability-education","display_name":"intellectual disability education","score":0.5849999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183560","display_name":"Mental handicap","level":2,"score":0.6849933862686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5824481248855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.45183098316192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43759816884994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.357200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2.14.20.s54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36000085","display_name":"Nursing Standard","issn_l":"0029-6570","issn":["0029-6570","2047-9018"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321297","host_organization_name":"Royal College of Nursing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321297"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal College of Nursing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing Standard","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27414576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27414576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2434475385","https://openalex.org/W7112474408","https://openalex.org/W7071284423","https://openalex.org/W171567678","https://openalex.org/W2465642169","https://openalex.org/W2439861613","https://openalex.org/W2417051543","https://openalex.org/W2407021471","https://openalex.org/W2055457477","https://openalex.org/W4298044428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generally,":[0],"the":[1,70,89,123],"person":[2],"with":[3,9,101],"a":[4,20,113,116],"mental":[5,77,102],"handicap":[6,14,36,103],"was":[7,93],"born":[8],"it":[10,92],"and":[11,29,59,85,106,115],"will":[12],"that":[13,51,99,109],"throughout":[15],"life.":[16],"Others":[17],"may,":[18,60],"as":[19,95,97],"result":[21],"of":[22],"an":[23,39,49,73],"accident,":[24],"sustain":[25],"permanent":[26],"brain":[27],"damage":[28],"are":[30,104],"mentally":[31],"handicapped":[32],"thereafter.":[33],"While":[34],"their":[35,45],"is":[37],"not":[38],"illness":[40],"or":[41,78,81],"disease":[42],"per":[43],"se,":[44],"functioning":[46],"ability":[47],"endures":[48],"impairment":[50],"may":[52],"range":[53],"from":[54],"mild":[55,80],"to":[56,108],"profoundly":[57],"severe":[58],"in":[61,111,122],"some":[62],"instances,":[63],"be":[64],"compounded":[65],"by":[66],"physical":[67],"handicap.":[68],"Within":[69],"health":[71],"professions":[72],"impaired":[74],"function,":[75],"whether":[76],"physical,":[79],"severe,":[82],"warrants":[83],"attention":[84],"appropriate":[86],"action.":[87],"In":[88],"United":[90],"Kingdom,":[91],"determined":[94],"early":[96],"1847":[98],"people":[100],"educable,":[105],"progress":[107],"end":[110],"nearly":[112],"century":[114],"half":[117],"has":[118],"been":[119],"particularly":[120],"noteworthy":[121],"last":[124],"25":[125],"years.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}