{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254853285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","title":"The Dominant Cause of Cultural Shock and its Effect on the Students who are Studying at Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","display_name":"The Dominant Cause of Cultural Shock and its Effect on the Students who are Studying at Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4254853285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028155089","display_name":"Jozef Richard Raco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-5012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-5012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148775","display_name":"De La Salle Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ng0t640","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jozef Raco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086195127","display_name":"Stevanus Ngenget","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-1837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-1837"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stevanus Ngenget","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001500944","display_name":"Yulius Christian Raton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-6108","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-6108"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148775","display_name":"De La Salle Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ng0t640","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulius Raton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063402856","display_name":"Ronald Rachmadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148775","display_name":"De La Salle Catholic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ng0t640","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Rachmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer science from School of Information Technology Benarif, Indonesia in 2008","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"De La Salle Manado-Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department at the Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, Indonesia Kombos 1 Manado 95253 Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148775"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the Bandung Institute of Technology Indonesia in 2007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14085","display_name":"Student Stress and Coping","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13795","display_name":"Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-shock","display_name":"culture shock","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-students","display_name":"international students","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-adjustment","display_name":"student adaptation","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-culture","display_name":"home culture","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homesickness","display_name":"homesickness","score":0.546999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7267374396324158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.5357659459114075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.5096008777618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.47377610206604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71760877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368367","display_name":"Cultural identity","level":3,"score":0.4686759114265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779998236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223270","display_name":"Loneliness","level":2,"score":0.41832882165908813}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:268e4182-9186-4269-85e7-078e1c689ec8","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/dujhv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E003C-3F0-C60","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.31219/OSF.IO/DUJHV","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dujhv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976126922","https://openalex.org/W2013142182","https://openalex.org/W2084096593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244454835","https://openalex.org/W2312902784","https://openalex.org/W6979909868","https://openalex.org/W7018346272","https://openalex.org/W2962718022","https://openalex.org/W2942688516","https://openalex.org/W2897572754","https://openalex.org/W4375935725","https://openalex.org/W3150189419","https://openalex.org/W3202554141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"People":[0],"entering":[1],"a":[2,7,18,45,80,146,167,176],"new":[3,102,126,141],"environment":[4],"could":[5],"experience":[6],"cultural":[8,41,120,147,169,172,188,247],"shock.":[9],"It":[10],"can":[11],"also":[12],"happen":[13],"tostudents":[14],"who":[15,226],"study":[16,205,234],"at":[17,198,257],"place":[19],"where":[20],"the":[21,38,74,87,101,107,123,140,184,194,207,231,236,239,252,258],"culture":[22,28,66],"is":[23],"different":[24,46,49,52,168],"from":[25,73,228],"their":[26],"home":[27],"as":[29],"they":[30],"mayfeel":[31],"unsettled":[32],"and":[33,94,112,125,128,160,190,214],"anxious.":[34],"Previous":[35],"studies":[36],"uncovered":[37],"sources":[39],"of":[40,76,82,89,100,131,135,145,162,187,219,230,238],"shock,":[42,67],"such":[43],"asbeing":[44],"culture,":[47],"having":[48],"expectations,":[50],"facing":[51],"customs,":[53],"speaking":[54],"adifferent":[55],"dialect.":[56],"Kalvero":[57],"Oberg":[58],"(1960)":[59],"mentioned":[60],"six":[61],"negative":[62],"feelings":[63,130],"caused":[64],"by":[65,97,251],"which":[68],"were:":[69],"(1)":[70],"strain":[71],"resulting":[72],"effort":[75],"psychological":[77],"adaption;":[78],"(2)":[79],"sense":[81],"loss":[83,161],"ordeprivation":[84],"referring":[85],"to":[86,182,241,254],"removal":[88],"former":[90],"friends,":[91],"status,":[92],"role,":[93],"possessions;":[95],"(3)rejection":[96],"or":[98,118],"rejection":[99],"culture;":[103],"(4)":[104],"confusion":[105],"in":[106,139,166],"role":[108],"definition,":[109],"roleexpectations,":[110],"feelings,":[111],"self-identity;":[113],"(5)":[114],"unexpected":[115],"anxiety,":[116],"disgust,":[117],"indignationregarding":[119],"differences":[121],"between":[122],"old":[124],"ways;":[127],"(6)":[129],"helplessness":[132],"asa":[133],"result":[134],"not":[136],"coping":[137],"well":[138],"environment.Other":[142],"adverse":[143],"effects":[144],"shock":[148,173,189,248],"were":[149,217],"discouragement,":[150],"lethargy,":[151],"depression,":[152],"suspicion,boredom,":[153],"homesickness,":[154],"anger,":[155],"extreme":[156],"sensitivity,":[157],"irritability,":[158],"loneliness":[159],"familiarity.For":[163],"students":[164,218,253],"studying":[165,197],"setting,":[170],"this":[171,246],"may":[174],"have":[175],"negativeimpact":[177],"on":[178,193],"them.This":[179],"research":[180],"aims":[181],"reveal":[183],"dominant":[185],"cause":[186],"its":[191],"effect":[192],"studentswho":[195],"are":[196],"Universitas":[199,220],"Katolik":[200,221],"De":[201,222],"La":[202,223],"Salle":[203,224],"Manado-Indonesia.This":[204],"used":[206],"Analytical":[208],"Hierarchy":[209],"Process":[210],"for":[211],"data":[212],"gathering":[213],"analysis.":[215],"Therespondents":[216],"Manado":[225],"came":[227],"differentprovinces":[229],"country.":[232],"This":[233],"benefited":[235],"management":[237],"University":[240,259],"improve":[242],"theprogram":[243],"that":[244],"handled":[245],"being":[249],"experienced":[250],"enhance":[255],"theirstudies":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
