{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254620872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","title":"Appropriate Technology","display_name":"Appropriate Technology","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4254620872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4242476293","display_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics"},"type":"reference-entry","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112602773","display_name":"Alice Hoffenberg Amsden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alice H. Amsden","raw_affiliation_strings":["http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-349-95121-5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"http://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-1-349-95121-5","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112602773"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.7178000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.7178000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.15139999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appropriate-technology","display_name":"appropriate technology","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-creation","display_name":"job creation","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-redistribution","display_name":"income redistribution","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-competitiveness","display_name":"market competitiveness","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.6216012239456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4739258885383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.42663976550102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.38137391209602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3241710662841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2516893744468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.21303436160087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1106579601764679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_110-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560133885","https://openalex.org/W631811459","https://openalex.org/W2059655754","https://openalex.org/W2162521201","https://openalex.org/W2326464237","https://openalex.org/W4247542971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098119323","https://openalex.org/W2793987141","https://openalex.org/W1482541767","https://openalex.org/W1604942382","https://openalex.org/W4249572998","https://openalex.org/W2485170971","https://openalex.org/W4249548001","https://openalex.org/W4307488054","https://openalex.org/W7112724048","https://openalex.org/W822069263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Depending":[0],"on":[1,26,63,70],"the":[2,8,12,20,28,37,41,46,51,53,71,102],"decade,":[3],"different":[4],"criteria":[5],"have":[6],"provided":[7],"basis":[9],"for":[10],"judging":[11],"appropriateness":[13],"of":[14,30,39,48,79,113],"technology":[15,81],"in":[16,61,74,77],"developing":[17],"countries.":[18],"In":[19,50],"1950s":[21],"and":[22,69,110],"1960s,":[23],"debate":[24],"centred":[25],"whether":[27],"choice":[29],"technique":[31],"ought":[32],"to":[33,88,94],"be":[34,89],"guided":[35],"by":[36],"objective":[38],"maximizing":[40],"growth":[42],"rate,":[43],"rather":[44],"than":[45,76],"level,":[47],"output.":[49],"1970s,":[52],"maximand":[54],"became":[55],"employment.":[56],"There":[57],"was":[58,86],"a":[59,96],"surge":[60],"articles":[62],"employment":[64],"creation":[65],"through":[66],"income":[67],"redistribution":[68],"merits,":[72],"more":[73],"theory":[75],"practice,":[78],"alternative":[80],"life-styles.":[82],"Soon":[83],"after,":[84],"what":[85],"considered":[87],"appropriate":[90],"came":[91],"once":[92],"again":[93],"mean":[95],"competitive":[97],"market":[98],"outcome.":[99],"So":[100],"defined,":[101],"term":[103],"\u2018appropriate":[104],"technology\u2019":[105],"served":[106],"no":[107],"distinct":[108],"purpose":[109],"dropped":[111],"out":[112],"use.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}