{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4254201635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","title":"How Digitalization Changes the Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Firms: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence","display_name":"How Digitalization Changes the Internationalization of Entrepreneurial Firms: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4254201635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","mag":"2811343779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","pdf_url":"http://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/download/244/215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764415113","display_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","issn_l":"2286-2668","issn":["2286-2668","2392-8042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314645","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/download/244/215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"University of Kassel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"University of Kassel","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Master in Business Studies (EMBS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Master in Business Studies (EMBS)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045967288","display_name":"Andreas WITTKOP","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas WITTKOP","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Master in Business Studies (EMBS)","University of Kassel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Master in Business Studies (EMBS)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048249038","display_name":"Katrin Zulauf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-1239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-1239","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0282-0577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin ZULAUF","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"University of Kassel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"University of Kassel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077237272","display_name":"Ralf Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0220-2154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0220-2154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf WAGNER","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kassel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kassel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"University of Kassel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"University of Kassel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69925997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"193","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-internationalization","display_name":"digital internationalization","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-of-firms","display_name":"internationalization of firms","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-marketplaces","display_name":"online marketplaces","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-business-theory","display_name":"international business theory","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-creation","display_name":"value creation","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-specific-capabilities","display_name":"firm-specific capabilities","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/customer-interface","display_name":"customer interface","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-firms","display_name":"entrepreneurial firms","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.9290988445281982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6134326457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5719820857048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193257486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3681519","display_name":"International business","level":2,"score":0.5187142491340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5137690305709839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4694361686706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.4688625931739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779669084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382097","display_name":"Resource-based view","level":3,"score":0.4410099387168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43321818113327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4252077639102936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21329137682914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.16811206936836243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13671112060546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.12192067503929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08614113926887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","pdf_url":"http://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/download/244/215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764415113","display_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","issn_l":"2286-2668","issn":["2286-2668","2392-8042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314645","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nup:jrmdke:v:6:y:2018:i:2:193-207","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/download/244/215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c021f0612d3e469b965ce5f28620a644","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c021f0612d3e469b965ce5f28620a644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 193-207 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.17170/kobra-202107024227","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202107024227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202107024227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400093","display_name":"Kobra (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Kassel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","host_organization_name":"University of Kassel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.17170/kobra-202107074263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202107074263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17170/kobra-202107074263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400093","display_name":"Kobra (Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Kassel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","host_organization_name":"University of Kassel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:2811343779","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:nup:jrmdke:v:6:y:2018:i:2:193-207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764415113","display_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","issn_l":"2286-2668","issn":["2286-2668","2392-8042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314645","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/6.1.01","pdf_url":"http://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/download/244/215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764415113","display_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","issn_l":"2286-2668","issn":["2286-2668","2392-8042"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","erih-plus","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314645","host_organization_name":"Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314645"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Faculty of Management National University of Political Studies and Public Administration"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4254201635.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4254201635.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203696810","https://openalex.org/W1624712119","https://openalex.org/W1969798260","https://openalex.org/W1986397084","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W1996780887","https://openalex.org/W2014441545","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2045933035","https://openalex.org/W2073117351","https://openalex.org/W2127709152","https://openalex.org/W2131757366","https://openalex.org/W2153496704","https://openalex.org/W2164314939","https://openalex.org/W2169667133","https://openalex.org/W2256210917","https://openalex.org/W2516149656","https://openalex.org/W2766570405","https://openalex.org/W2925515791","https://openalex.org/W3034253356","https://openalex.org/W4230330476","https://openalex.org/W4293321055","https://openalex.org/W6654514807","https://openalex.org/W6815875558","https://openalex.org/W7203925774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047607126","https://openalex.org/W4385517370","https://openalex.org/W4405099019","https://openalex.org/W4206147612","https://openalex.org/W3130207499","https://openalex.org/W2965654002","https://openalex.org/W3207353644","https://openalex.org/W4385522121","https://openalex.org/W4411033196","https://openalex.org/W1880277384"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,81],"internationalization":[1,23,39,72,104,164,196],"of":[2,21,28,40,83,92,114,117,127,138,157,173,198,218,232],"firms":[3,42],"has":[4,166],"mainly":[5],"been":[6],"analyzed":[7],"and":[8,76,101,121,179,221,227,235],"explained":[9],"by":[10,241],"considering":[11],"observations":[12],"in":[13,97,201,248],"a":[14,62,67,89,135,242],"pre-digital":[15],"business":[16,30,48,131,163,244],"environment.":[17],"Thus,":[18],"the":[19,22,38,51,98,115,118,125,128,142,162,174,195,202,216,229,236],"applicability":[20,126],"theories":[24,189],"to":[25,32,44,50,87,210,215],"digital":[26,41,52,71,79,99,119,139,158,205,243,249],"ways":[27],"conducting":[29],"needs":[31],"be":[33,211],"challenged.":[34],"Recent":[35],"research":[36],"on":[37,111,124,168,194],"attempts":[43],"adapt":[45],"existing":[46],"international":[47,130],"literature":[49],"market.":[53],"However,":[54],"these":[55,188],"studies":[56],"consider":[57],"internet-based":[58,94,199],"companies":[59,95],"predominantly":[60],"as":[61,171],"homogeneous":[63],"group.":[64],"It":[65],"is":[66,73,86],"popular":[68],"opinion":[69],"that":[70,185],"faster,":[74],"cheaper,":[75],"easier":[77],"for":[78],"companies.":[80,159],"purpose":[82],"this":[84],"article":[85],"develop":[88,134],"comprehensive":[90],"understanding":[91],"how":[93],"internationalize":[96],"market":[100],"why":[102],"their":[103,122],"processes":[105],"differ":[106],"from":[107,151],"one":[108],"another.":[109],"Based":[110],"an":[112],"overview":[113],"specificities":[116],"marketplace":[120],"impacts":[123,193,217],"traditional":[129],"theories,":[132],"we":[133],"differentiated":[136],"view":[137],"internationalization.":[140,250],"Subsequently,":[141],"theoretical":[143],"results":[144,183],"are":[145],"compared":[146],"with":[147,155],"primary":[148],"data":[149],"derived":[150],"six":[152],"semi-structured":[153],"interviews":[154],"representatives":[156],"So":[160],"far,":[161],"theory":[165],"focused":[167],"variables":[169,208],"such":[170],"efficiencies":[172],"value":[175,219,234],"chain,":[176],"internal":[177],"capabilities,":[178],"resource":[180],"endowments.":[181],"Our":[182],"show":[184],"even":[186],"if":[187],"still":[190],"have":[191],"high":[192],"strategies":[197],"companies,":[200],"highly":[203],"dynamic":[204],"markets,":[206],"further":[207],"need":[209],"considered.":[212],"In":[213],"addition":[214],"creation":[220],"delivery":[222],"infrastructure":[223],"(e.g.,":[224],"firm-specific":[225],"capabilities":[226],"resources),":[228],"specific":[230],"way":[231],"creating":[233],"individual":[237],"customer":[238],"interface":[239],"used":[240],"play":[245],"key":[246],"roles":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}