{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253388933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42","title":"Iron technology in the middle Sahel/Savanna: with emphasis on central Darfur","display_name":"Iron technology in the middle Sahel/Savanna: with emphasis on central Darfur","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253388933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203754245-42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Archaeology of Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013734104","display_name":"The Archaeology of Africa"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014558474","display_name":"Mark Horton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-8026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-8026"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Horton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006812252","display_name":"Nina Mudida","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nina Mudida","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49815498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"497","last_page":"505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13742","display_name":"Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts","score":0.6137999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.30959999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13215","display_name":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","score":0.022199999541044235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-technology","display_name":"iron technology","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swahili-towns","display_name":"Swahili towns","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faunal-assemblages","display_name":"faunal assemblages","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pottery-trade","display_name":"pottery trade","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177454536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578290","display_name":"Emphasis (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5638060569763184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.45743611454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4012957215309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33444997668266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1095520555973053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.027545303106307983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4324/9780203754245-42","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203754245-42","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463855","display_name":"Routledge eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Archaeology of Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2230816550","https://openalex.org/W1814420478","https://openalex.org/W2092071004","https://openalex.org/W4383112635","https://openalex.org/W3085986706","https://openalex.org/W4240615039","https://openalex.org/W3206719213","https://openalex.org/W2069041157","https://openalex.org/W2017694279","https://openalex.org/W4213095588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,14,79],"ethnic":[1],"and":[2,25,76,94,101,110],"economic":[3],"origins":[4],"of":[5,11,16,43,69,81,122],"the":[6,41,44,82,99,123],"Swahili":[7,84],"towns":[8],"are":[9,72],"subjects":[10],"continuing":[12],"controversy.":[13],"model":[15],"Asiatic":[17],"colonization":[18],"has":[19,51],"been":[20,53],"largely":[21],"rejected":[22],"by":[23,113],"historians":[24],"archaeologists":[26],"(Horton":[27],"1984;":[28],"Nurse":[29],"&":[30],"Spear":[31],"1985":[32],";":[33,36],"Horton":[34],"1987a":[35],"Pouwels":[37],"1987":[38],")":[39],"but":[40],"identification":[42,66],"particular":[45],"African":[46],"group":[47],"that":[48,116],"was":[49],"involved":[50],"not":[52,118],"satisfactorily":[54],"concluded":[55],"(and":[56],"see":[57],"Wright,":[58],"Ch.":[59],"40":[60],",":[61],"this":[62],"volume).":[63],"For":[64],"such":[65],"two":[67],"classes":[68],"archaeological":[70],"evidence":[71],"particularly":[73],"useful:":[74],"pottery":[75,80],"faunal":[77],"assemblages.":[78],"early":[83,93],"communities":[85],"(called":[86],"Tana":[87],"tradition)":[88],"can":[89,106],"be":[90,108,119],"compared":[91],"to":[92],"pre-iron":[95],"age":[96],"forms":[97],"from":[98],"interior":[100],"general":[102],"affinities":[103],"suggested.":[104],"Pottery":[105],"however":[107],"traded":[109],"indeed":[111],"made":[112],"specialist":[114],"groups":[115],"may":[117],"entirely":[120],"representative":[121],"society":[124],"as":[125],"a":[126],"whole.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
