{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4253145281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","title":"Illusions of Victory: The Anbar Awakening and the Rise of the Islamic State","display_name":"Illusions of Victory: The Anbar Awakening and the Rise of the Islamic State","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4253145281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191132","display_name":"Bustan The Middle East Book Review","issn_l":"1878-5301","issn":["1878-5301","1878-5328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320470","host_organization_name":"Penn State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Penn State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bustan: The Middle East Book Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048809143","display_name":"Craig Whiteside","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Craig Whiteside","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Naval War College at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, cawhites@nps.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Naval War College at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, cawhites@nps.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048809143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96494112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"212","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12550","display_name":"Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East","score":0.8550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.11230000108480453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-state","display_name":"Islamic State","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-qaeda-in-iraq","display_name":"al-Qaeda in Iraq","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterinsurgency","display_name":"counterinsurgency","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tribalism","display_name":"tribalism","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunni-shia-relations","display_name":"Sunni-Shia relations","score":0.35899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sectarianism","display_name":"sectarianism","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anbar-province","display_name":"Anbar province","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fallujah","display_name":"Fallujah","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779220109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50000","display_name":"Victory","level":3,"score":0.8875067234039307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.7607775330543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.7504529356956482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4997990131378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.44980326294898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3857881426811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35592836141586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.21379926800727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.208650141954422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1966242492198944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07633799314498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.07624945044517517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.05128541588783264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5325/bustan.9.2.0212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191132","display_name":"Bustan The Middle East Book Review","issn_l":"1878-5301","issn":["1878-5301","1878-5328"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["erih-plus"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320470","host_organization_name":"Penn State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320470"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Penn State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bustan: The Middle East Book Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091961558","https://openalex.org/W1541467461","https://openalex.org/W2587049561","https://openalex.org/W3134055123","https://openalex.org/W4364365780","https://openalex.org/W1583896237","https://openalex.org/W6989484326","https://openalex.org/W4206287378","https://openalex.org/W750449718","https://openalex.org/W2790714708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,194,564,703,1069,1123,1381,1618,1632,1697,1760,1802],"legend":[1,214],"of":[2,41,83,94,102,117,133,174,192,215,248,267,309,315,327,329,332,364,424,428,496,512,540,566,574,597,678,697,701,705,738,784,798,803,852,859,899,923,947,950,961,969,991,1024,1065,1072,1081,1091,1159,1167,1169,1177,1190,1212,1279,1310,1316,1328,1359,1368,1379,1435,1455,1464,1470,1486,1520,1530,1534,1590,1652,1688,1717,1720,1798,1833],"the":[3,12,27,39,69,84,91,99,126,131,134,149,171,175,213,216,224,231,234,243,246,256,307,330,340,344,374,378,391,412,416,422,437,442,455,461,483,494,500,509,513,524,532,538,541,567,570,577,604,622,646,652,663,675,686,710,726,735,743,755,782,785,795,827,833,844,857,860,865,900,902,914,930,948,959,962,970,977,992,997,1010,1018,1042,1062,1066,1076,1079,1088,1104,1120,1128,1147,1165,1205,1209,1213,1247,1253,1264,1268,1277,1285,1290,1308,1311,1314,1317,1343,1347,1353,1407,1449,1465,1471,1481,1484,1518,1521,1528,1531,1543,1549,1557,1565,1572,1591,1603,1659,1679,1689,1745,1783,1796,1799,1815,1824,1831,1834],"Iraq":[4,65,205,222,316,449,575,751,816,1073,1092,1191,1386,1419,1774],"Surge,":[5,225],"and":[6,9,58,68,86,89,206,226,269,357,409,444,486,579,582,590,595,648,680,709,718,734,764,793,821,873,917,932,939,982,1003,1030,1164,1192,1234,1267,1281,1313,1370,1372,1385,1420,1441,1458,1477,1489,1581,1612,1683,1734,1753,1789,1827],"its":[7,468,487,609,989,1082,1144,1475,1498,1647,1673,1828],"corresponding":[8],"interrelated":[10],"twin,":[11],"Sunni":[13,71,100,392,580,870,965,1007,1162,1755,1773,1809],"Awakening":[14,28,232,341,393,501,786,866,903,1067,1266,1312,1482,1544,1573,1604,1666,1690,1727,1764],"(Sahwa":[15],"in":[16,21,64,98,142,165,187,204,221,242,259,265,273,312,317,347,351,404,448,472,561,672,750,808,815,839,846,895,937,941,988,1017,1100,1139,1171,1180,1222,1232,1237,1251,1274,1335,1383,1418,1479,1483,1506,1545,1551,1684,1694,1751,1772,1795,1811,1830],"Arabic),":[17],"is":[18,30,139,178,361,381,554,1288,1437,1468,1621,1634],"firmly":[19],"ensconced":[20],"US":[22,235,257,1472],"military":[23,43,236,1473,1499,1625],"lore.":[24],"In":[25,636,1044,1406,1559,1725],"fact,":[26],"part":[29],"often":[31],"left":[32,1775],"out.":[33],"For":[34],"example,":[35],"General":[36],"David":[37],"Petraeus,":[38],"commander":[40],"this":[42,55,112,186,198,370,528,558,739,896,951,1015,1198,1300],"campaign":[44,237,1016,1262],"who":[45,761],"ably":[46],"turned":[47],"around":[48],"a":[49,115,143,154,209,397,401,473,478,625,628,642,790,847,985,1022,1038,1045,1055,1140,1175,1240,1259,1321,1326,1365,1376,1438,1453,1487,1503,1560,1587,1608,1616,1624,1627,1638,1653,1669,1714,1768,1776,1807],"failing":[50],"effort,":[51,1371],"recently":[52],"described":[53,640],"it":[54,953,1117,1202],"way:":[56],"\u201ccoalition":[57],"Iraqi":[59,488,919,1269,1825],"forces":[60,708],"largely":[61,476,587,1525],"destroyed":[62],"al-Qaeda":[63],"(ISIS\u2019":[66],"forerunner)":[67],"associated":[70],"insurgent":[72],"groups,":[73],"killing":[74,1077,1166],"or":[75,233,776,1508],"capturing":[76],"key":[77,96,1039],"leaders,":[78],"promoting":[79],"reconciliation":[80,825],"with":[81,202,212,255,335,343,431,826,958,1001,1276,1571,1713],"many":[82,1282],"rank":[85],"file":[87],"members,":[88],"driving":[90],"groups":[92,655],"out":[93,696,1712],"their":[95,550,632,774,877,911,1700],"strongholds":[97],"areas":[101,699,733,1812],"Iraq.\u201d1":[103],"general":[105],"goes":[106],"on":[107,291,557,611,913,1057,1061,1125,1325,1448,1542,1555,1569,1630,1791],"to":[108,263,271,275,288,338,454,534,624,631,659,674,693,728,754,766,769,829,843,875,886,890,934,974,1118,1134,1137,1154,1174,1294,1296,1323,1349,1355,1402,1425,1527,1576,1601,1642,1658,1677,1722,1743,1762,1766,1805],"say":[109],"that":[110,119,148,197,238,294,362,465,475,493,508,530,849,892,999,1033,1087,1182,1272,1399,1430,1497,1546,1655,1708,1738,1749,1778],"despite":[111],"clear":[113],"victory,":[114],"variety":[116],"factors":[118],"occurred":[120],"\u201cafter":[121],"late":[122],"2011,\u201d":[123],"meaning":[124],"after":[125,544,1143,1758],"United":[127,375,462,1344],"States":[128,376,1345],"left,":[129],"caused":[130,683],"return":[132],"Islamic":[135,150,446,514,572,605,664,722,971,1070,1089,1130,1188,1214,1228,1254,1318,1522,1566,1592,1619,1784],"State":[136,151,314,447,515,573,723,1071,1090,1189,1215,1229,1255,1319,1523,1620],"(as":[137],"ISIS":[138],"known":[140],"today)":[141],"new,":[144],"more":[145,302,420,517,562,771,882,1094],"potent":[146],"form.Considering":[147],"captured":[152],"Fallujah,":[153],"city":[155,1735],"just":[156,161,185,688],"sixty":[157],"kilometers":[158],"from":[159,293,460,651,670,715,789,1331,1539,1691],"Baghdad,":[160],"two":[162],"years":[163],"later,":[164],"December":[166],"2013,":[167,1235],"any":[168],"circumspection":[169],"about":[170,323,368,421,482,588,721,1298],"true":[172,643],"impact":[173],"Surge/Awakening":[176],"period":[177,1142,1797],"welcome.":[179],"Thankfully,":[180],"Carter":[181],"Malkasian":[182,218,491,1012,1306,1467,1595],"has":[183,208,387,1574,1817],"done":[184],"his":[188,283,298,336,804,819,840,853,1058,1332],"newest":[189],"book,":[190,285,1019],"Illusions":[191],"Victory.":[193],"title":[195],"infers":[196],"civilian":[199],"counterinsurgency":[200],"advisor":[201],"experience":[203,1334],"Afghanistan":[207,272,1384],"slight":[210],"quibble":[211],"Surge.Interestingly,":[217],"was":[219,394,418,527,586,788,837,910,1037,1052,1183,1524,1667,1779,1793],"not":[220,228,395,451,742,749,1433,1606],"during":[223,1146],"did":[227],"witness":[229],"either":[230],"significantly":[239],"reduced":[240,1397],"violence":[241],"country":[244],"by":[245,926,1054,1112,1127,1185,1207,1389,1782,1823],"end":[247,539],"2007.":[249,1759],"He":[250,281],"had":[251,477,516,794,817,905,955,1093,1256,1375],"spent":[252],"three":[253,388,1597],"tours":[254],"Marines":[258],"Anbar":[260,612,938,1752],"province":[261],"prior":[262],"leaving":[264],"August":[266],"2006":[268],"heading":[270],"2007":[274,1101],"help":[276,459],"advise":[277],"Provincial":[278],"Reconstruction":[279],"Teams.":[280],"wrote":[282],"award-winning":[284],"War":[286],"Comes":[287],"Garmser,":[289],"based":[290],"observations":[292,1330,1457],"experience.":[295],"This":[296,668],"makes":[297,353],"latest":[299],"effort":[300],"even":[301,1373,1445,1493],"impressive,":[303],"as":[304,505,603,617,627,641,689,994,1021,1078,1197,1320,1414,1494,1600,1637,1662,1681,1704],"he":[305,1028,1292,1495,1547],"missed":[306],"defeat":[308,377,858],"al-":[310],"Qa\u02bfida":[311],"Iraq/Islamic":[313,1552],"2006\u20137\u2014and":[318],"yet":[319,1107,1114,1575,1672],"writes":[320],"so":[321],"clearly":[322],"it.":[324],"His":[325],"depth":[326],"knowledge":[328],"tribes":[331,647],"Anbar,":[333],"combined":[334,1329],"ability":[337,1133,1348],"contrast":[339],"phenomena":[342],"local":[345,1025],"dynamics":[346,1027],"another":[348],"complex":[349,1490],"insurgency":[350],"Afghanistan,":[352,1421],"him":[354],"an":[355,506,657,810,918,1186],"astute":[356],"influential":[358],"messenger.Malkasian's":[359],"narrative":[360],"much":[363,419,1241],"what":[365,637,1299],"we":[366,1416,1422,1583],"believe":[367],"how":[369],"tribal":[371,398,432,438,497,581,1265],"uprising":[372,740],"helped":[373],"al-Qa\u02bfida\u2013affiliated":[379],"jihadis":[380,687,727],"understandable,":[382],"but":[383,757,1020],"wrong.":[384],"Malkasian's":[385,888],"argument":[386],"parts.":[389],"First,":[390],"simply":[396],"backlash":[399],"against":[400,441,662,1005,1263],"violent":[402],"al-Qa\u02bfida":[403,863,1550],"Iraq,":[405],"which":[406,545,1814],"killed,":[407],"raped,":[408],"intermarried":[410],"without":[411,458],"appropriate":[413],"permission.":[414],"Instead,":[415],"rebellion":[417],"incompatibility":[423],"Zarqawi's":[425],"unique":[426],"brand":[427],"hegemonic":[429],"Islamism":[430],"political":[433,589,634,1428,1610,1639,1649,1670,1695,1770],"power":[434,772,879,916],"structures.":[435],"Second,":[436],"leaders\u2019":[439],"alliance":[440,658],"burgeoning":[443,878],"transforming":[445],"could":[450,547,1605],"stand":[452],"up":[453],"powerful":[456,744,1340],"group":[457,584,619,1629,1633,1680],"States\u2014a":[463],"move":[464],"would":[466,1363,1614,1709],"cause":[467],"own":[469,633,1059,1083],"future":[470],"problems":[471,684],"population":[474],"fixed":[479],"negative":[480],"opinion":[481],"American":[484,542,706,1391],"occupier":[485],"allies.":[489],"Finally,":[490],"argues":[492],"thinness":[495],"support":[498,519,529,909,1096,1645,1763],"for":[499,685,773,823,832,943,1035,1041,1244,1446,1474,1646],"should":[502,1423],"have":[503,1346],"served":[504],"indication":[507],"early":[510,1129],"incarnations":[511],"popular":[518,908,1644],"than":[520,1097,1510],"people":[521],"understood":[522],"at":[523,576,1227],"time.":[525],"It":[526,1451],"allowed":[531],"jihadists":[533],"survive/bide":[535],"time":[536,578,1248,1369],"until":[537],"occupation,":[543],"they":[546,893,1663,1739],"begin":[548],"expanding":[549,556],"reach":[551],"once":[552],"again.It":[553],"worth":[555],"three-part":[559],"thesis":[560,1287],"detail.":[563],"origins":[565],"split":[568],"between":[569,980,1562],"nascent":[571],"resistance":[583,618,654,712,1702],"leaders":[585,620,737,1687,1728],"economic":[591],"issues.":[592],"Tribal":[593],"autonomy":[594],"control":[596,1819],"smuggling":[598],"routes":[599],"came":[600],"under":[601],"threat":[602,630],"State's":[606,665,972,1553,1567,1593],"forerunner":[607],"tightened":[608],"grip":[610],"province.":[613,966],"Political":[614],"tensions":[615],"surged":[616],"saw":[621,1417],"transition":[623,1721],"caliphate-in-waiting":[626],"direct":[629],"ambitions.":[635],"can":[638],"be":[639,1103,1119,1710,1821],"grassroots":[644],"movement,":[645,787],"significant":[649,1578],"elements":[650],"nationalist-themed":[653],"formed":[656],"fight":[660],"back":[661,976,1136],"growing":[666,1210],"hegemony.":[667],"pressure":[669],"below,":[671],"addition":[673],"sudden":[676],"contestation":[677],"sanctuary":[679],"core":[681],"areas,":[682],"Surge":[690],"brigades":[691],"arrived":[692],"root":[694],"them":[695],"rural":[698],"outside":[700,927],"Baghdad.":[702],"combination":[704],"conventional":[707],"tribal/former":[711,1701],"auxiliaries":[713,1703],"benefited":[714],"impeccable":[716],"timing":[717],"exceptional":[719],"intelligence":[720],"activities,":[724],"forcing":[725],"retreat":[729],"deeper":[730],"into":[731,869,880,1461],"inaccessible":[732],"desert.The":[736],"were":[741,748,762,1387,1400,1740],"sheikhs,":[745],"since":[746],"most":[747,1098,1108,1121],"anymore":[752],"due":[753,1526],"insecurity,":[756],"rural,":[758],"lower-ranking":[759],"sheikhs":[760,904],"ambitious":[763],"willing":[765],"take":[767],"risks":[768],"accrue":[770],"clan":[775],"tribe.":[777],"\u02bfAbdul":[778],"Sattar":[779],"Abu":[780,835,1050],"Risha,":[781],"leader":[783],"small":[791],"tribe":[792],"humorous":[796],"nickname":[797],"\u201cthe":[799],"highway":[800],"robber\u201d":[801],"because":[802],"tribe's":[805],"historic":[806],"involvement":[807],"running":[809],"extensive":[811],"contraband":[812],"network.":[813],"Al-Qa\u02bfida":[814],"killed":[818],"father":[820],"brother":[822],"suggesting":[824],"government\u2014probably":[828],"get":[830],"jobs":[831],"tribes\u2014and":[834],"Risha":[836,1051],"unrivaled":[838],"total":[841],"commitment":[842],"uprising,":[845],"way":[848],"very":[850,1304,1442],"few":[851],"peers":[854],"were.":[855],"With":[856],"seemingly":[861],"unstoppable":[862],"franchise,":[864],"movement":[867,979,1216],"moved":[868],"provincial":[871],"politics":[872],"tried":[874],"translate":[876],"something":[881],"lasting.You":[883],"don't":[884],"need":[885,1804],"read":[887],"book":[889,1444],"know":[891],"failed":[894],"endeavor.":[897],"One":[898],"reasons":[901,1599],"trouble":[906],"gaining":[907],"reliance":[912],"occupying":[915],"government":[920,1157,1816,1826],"widely":[921,1203],"suspected":[922],"being":[924,1692],"controlled":[925],"agents":[928],"(specifically":[929],"Iranians),":[931],"determined":[933],"marginalize":[935],"Sunnis":[936],"elsewhere":[940],"payment":[942],"past":[944],"wrongs.":[945],"Regardless":[946],"accuracy":[949],"perception,":[952],"nonetheless":[954],"some":[956,1155,1718],"resonance":[957],"residents":[960],"almost":[963],"completely":[964],"My":[967],"investigation":[968],"plan":[973],"roll":[975],"Sahwa":[978,993,1048],"2008":[981],"2013":[983,1181],"revealed":[984],"strong":[986],"emphasis":[987],"propaganda":[990],"\u201crace":[995],"traitors\u201d\u2014":[996],"idea":[998,1086],"working":[1000],"infidels":[1002],"apostates":[1004],"fellow":[1006],"Arabs":[1008],"dishonored":[1009],"tribe/clan/family.":[1011],"doesn't":[1013],"mention":[1014],"student":[1023],"social":[1026],"intuitively":[1029],"convincingly":[1031],"argued":[1032],"distaste":[1034],"collaboration":[1036],"vulnerability":[1040],"Sahwa.2":[1043],"telling":[1046],"event,":[1047],"founder":[1049],"assassinated":[1053],"relative":[1056],"property":[1060],"one-year":[1063],"anniversary":[1064],"announcement.":[1068],"proudly":[1074],"claimed":[1075],"start":[1080],"counter-Awakening":[1084],"campaign.The":[1085],"public":[1095],"thought":[1099,1512],"might":[1102,1200],"least":[1105],"supportable,":[1106],"intriguing,":[1109],"conclusion":[1110],"presented":[1111],"Malkasian,":[1113],"I":[1115,1613],"find":[1116],"compelling.":[1122],"resiliency":[1124],"display":[1126],"State\u2014the":[1131],"group's":[1132],"spring":[1135],"life":[1138],"short":[1141],"punishment":[1145],"Surge\u2014should":[1148],"give":[1149],"us":[1150,1297],"all":[1151,1301],"pause.":[1152],"According":[1153],"analysts,":[1156],"arrests":[1158],"highly":[1160],"visible":[1161],"politicians":[1163],"dozens":[1168],"protesters":[1170],"Hawija":[1172],"contributed":[1173],"groundswell":[1176],"antigovernment":[1178],"protest":[1179],"hijacked":[1184],"opportunistic":[1187],"Syria":[1193],"(ISIS).":[1194],"As":[1195],"attractive":[1196],"connection":[1199],"seem,":[1201],"misses":[1204],"mark":[1206],"underestimating":[1208],"strength":[1211],"before":[1217],"large":[1218],"cities":[1219],"started":[1220],"falling":[1221],"2013.":[1223],"A":[1224],"closer":[1225],"look":[1226],"attack":[1230],"patterns":[1231],"2012":[1233],"particularly":[1236],"Mosul,":[1238],"paints":[1239],"clearer":[1242],"picture":[1243],"us.":[1245],"By":[1246],"Mosul":[1249,1280],"fell":[1250],"2014,":[1252],"successfully":[1257],"executed":[1258],"long":[1260],"attritional":[1261],"Security":[1270],"Forces":[1271],"culminated":[1273],"2014":[1275],"fall":[1278],"other":[1283,1723,1754],"cities.If":[1284],"author's":[1286],"controversial,":[1289],"lessons":[1291],"tries":[1293],"impart":[1295],"means":[1302],"are":[1303,1411,1431,1584],"conventional.":[1305],"uses":[1307],"story":[1309],"rise":[1315,1519],"vehicle":[1322],"pass":[1324],"series":[1327],"field":[1333],"both":[1336],"conflict":[1337,1561],"zones.":[1338],"While":[1339],"countries":[1341],"like":[1342],"upend":[1350],"certain":[1351],"regimes,":[1352],"attempt":[1354],"execute":[1356],"large-scale":[1357],"transformations":[1358],"these":[1360],"same":[1361],"polities":[1362],"require":[1364],"great":[1366],"deal":[1367],"then":[1374],"low":[1377],"probability":[1378],"success.":[1380],"challenges":[1382],"exacerbated":[1388],"successive":[1390],"administrations":[1392],"whose":[1393],"policies":[1394],"mandated":[1395],"unrealistically":[1396],"efforts":[1398,1765],"unable":[1401],"achieve":[1403,1426],"outsized":[1404],"results.":[1405],"future,":[1408],"if":[1409],"there":[1410],"interventions":[1412],"such":[1413],"those":[1415],"expect":[1424],"modest":[1427],"outcomes":[1429],"incremental,":[1432],"transformational.Illusions":[1434],"Victory":[1436],"brief,":[1439],"detailed,":[1440],"readable":[1443],"nonspecialists":[1447],"conflict.":[1450],"contains":[1452],"mix":[1454],"personal":[1456],"thorough":[1459],"research":[1460],"existing":[1462],"accounts":[1463],"Awakening.":[1466],"complimentary":[1469],"skill":[1476],"agility":[1478],"midwifing":[1480],"midst":[1485],"ferocious":[1488],"civil":[1491],"war,":[1492],"admits":[1496],"tactics":[1500],"probably":[1501],"played":[1502],"lesser":[1504],"role":[1505],"success":[1507],"failure":[1509,1761],"originally":[1511],"(or":[1513],"claimed)":[1514],"since.":[1515],"Simply":[1516],"put,":[1517],"impermanence":[1529],"security":[1532,1706],"gains":[1533],"2007\u20138.Malkasian's":[1535],"account":[1536],"also":[1537,1668],"differs":[1538],"previous":[1540],"works":[1541],"presents":[1548],"perspective":[1554,1568],"fighting":[1556],"Awakening.3":[1558],"multiple":[1563],"actors,":[1564],"dealing":[1570],"receive":[1577],"scholarly":[1579],"attention":[1580],"overall,":[1582],"still":[1585],"lacking":[1586],"complete":[1588],"understanding":[1589],"rise.":[1594],"offers":[1596],"underappreciated":[1598],"why":[1602],"produce":[1607],"sustained":[1609],"project,":[1611],"offer":[1615],"fourth.":[1617],"considered":[1622],"mainly":[1623],"force,":[1626],"terrorist":[1628],"steroids.":[1631],"rarely":[1635],"viewed":[1636,1699],"actor":[1640],"trying":[1641],"develop":[1643,1806],"larger":[1648],"project\u2014the":[1650],"creation":[1651],"caliphate":[1654],"worships":[1656],"according":[1657],"prophetic":[1660],"method,":[1661],"describe":[1664],"it.The":[1665],"actor,":[1671],"coalition":[1674],"partners":[1675,1707,1829],"refused":[1676],"see":[1678],"such,":[1682],"fact":[1685],"forbade":[1686],"involved":[1693],"activities.":[1696],"Americans":[1698],"temporary":[1705],"phased":[1711],"vague":[1715],"promise":[1716],"sort":[1719],"work.4":[1724],"reality,":[1726],"frequently":[1729],"became":[1730],"mayors,":[1731],"police":[1732],"chiefs,":[1733],"council":[1736],"members\u2014demonstrating":[1737],"always":[1741],"striving":[1742],"fill":[1744],"tremendous":[1746],"governance":[1747,1792],"gap":[1748],"existed":[1750],"majority":[1756],"provinces":[1757],"become":[1767],"viable":[1769],"force":[1771],"void":[1777],"eventually":[1780],"filled":[1781],"State\u2014whose":[1785],"adept":[1786],"coalition-building":[1787],"skills":[1788],"focus":[1790],"remarkable":[1794],"so-called":[1800],"caliphate.":[1801],"critical":[1803],"functioning":[1808],"polity":[1810],"over":[1813],"limited":[1818],"must":[1820],"addressed":[1822],"aftermath":[1832],"caliphate's":[1835],"collapse.":[1836]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
