{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249791607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en","title":"Executive summary","display_name":"Executive summary","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249791607","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1787/0d438970-en","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463687","display_name":"OECD eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320232","host_organization_name":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320232"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2019","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249877570","display_name":"Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2019"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"OECD","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"OECD","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"United Nations Capital Development Fund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"United Nations Capital Development Fund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10987","display_name":"Microfinance and Financial Inclusion","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13035","display_name":"Human Rights and Development","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-development-goals","display_name":"Sustainable Development Goals","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-developed-countries","display_name":"least developed countries","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-investment","display_name":"private investment","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missing-middle","display_name":"missing middle","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises","display_name":"small and medium-sized enterprises","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-finance","display_name":"public finance","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-mobilization","display_name":"resource mobilization","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.7280368208885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5750097036361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5670831799507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.5474364161491394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28129649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926217","display_name":"Microfinance","level":2,"score":0.5347534418106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.51171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.48490506410598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45089060068130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4431774914264679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4391452372074127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780082420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4672483","display_name":"Access to finance","level":2,"score":0.42862600088119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.35321182012557983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27026331424713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14914211630821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.14303025603294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1787/0d438970-en","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1787/0d438970-en","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463687","display_name":"OECD eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320232","host_organization_name":"Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320232"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2019","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4943999946117401},{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018449233","https://openalex.org/W3150969103","https://openalex.org/W4237609377","https://openalex.org/W4239866089","https://openalex.org/W4246460835","https://openalex.org/W4247938296","https://openalex.org/W4249080285","https://openalex.org/W4252281604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249877570","https://openalex.org/W4251281092","https://openalex.org/W4237316745","https://openalex.org/W2991105872","https://openalex.org/W7027229727","https://openalex.org/W4416944221","https://openalex.org/W7213026810","https://openalex.org/W3123667338","https://openalex.org/W4236585261","https://openalex.org/W4252669506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0,38],"turning":[1],"the":[2,10,25,48,63,106,119],"\u201cbillions":[3],"into":[4],"trillions\u201d":[5],"is":[6,18,59],"essential":[7,45],"to":[8,22,46,85,103,133,145],"bridge":[9],"Sustainable":[11],"Development":[12],"Goals":[13],"(SDGs)":[14],"financing":[15],"gaps,":[16],"there":[17],"a":[19,71],"need":[20],"also":[21,80],"focus":[23],"on":[24],"quality":[26],"of":[27],"resources":[28,51],"mobilised":[29],"and":[30,40,95,114,126],"how":[31],"they":[32],"reach":[33],"those":[34,124],"being":[35,142],"left":[36],"behind.":[37],"international":[39],"domestic":[41],"public":[42,50,94],"finance":[43],"remains":[44],"meet":[47],"SDGs,":[49],"alone":[52],"will":[53],"not":[54],"be":[55,101],"enough.":[56],"The":[57],"challenge":[58],"particularly":[60],"acute":[61],"in":[62,74,118],"least":[64],"developed":[65],"countries":[66],"(LDCs),":[67],"which":[68],"have":[69],"experienced":[70],"recent":[72],"decline":[73],"official":[75],"development":[76],"assistance":[77],"(ODA).":[78],"LDCs":[79],"often":[81],"find":[82],"it":[83],"difficult":[84],"attract":[86],"private":[87,96],"investment,":[88],"including":[89],"foreign":[90],"direct":[91],"investment.":[92],"Increased":[93],"financial":[97,152],"flows":[98],"must":[99],"therefore":[100],"made":[102],"work":[104],"for":[105,111,115],"world\u2019s":[107],"most":[108],"vulnerable":[109],"countries,":[110],"underserved":[112],"markets,":[113],"smaller":[116],"projects":[117],"so-called":[120],"\u201cmissing":[121],"middle\u201d":[122],"\u2013":[123],"small":[125,138],"medium-sized":[127],"enterprises":[128],"that":[129],"are":[130],"too":[131,137,143],"big":[132],"access":[134,146],"microfinance":[135],"but":[136],"or":[139],"seen":[140],"as":[141],"risky":[144],"commercial":[147],"loans":[148],"offered":[149],"by":[150],"mainstream":[151],"institutions.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}