{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249291394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109","title":"Catenated Cyclodextrins","display_name":"Catenated Cyclodextrins","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249291394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/chem.19950010109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68911691","display_name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","issn_l":"0947-6539","issn":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048552245","display_name":"Dominique Armspach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-2508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6967-2508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominique Armspach","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088824171","display_name":"Peter R. Ashton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter R. Ashton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108545554","display_name":"Roberto Ballardini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133988","display_name":"Bologna Research Area","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4rcp75","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ballardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["FRAE-CNR Institute, I-40100 Bologna (Italy)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FRAE-CNR Institute, I-40100 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075064767","display_name":"Vincenzo Balzani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Balzani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085306820","display_name":"Anna Godi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Godi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031714111","display_name":"Christopher P. Moore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129726","display_name":"Kodak (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvxap92","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129726","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher P. Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kodak Limited, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kodak Limited, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089188324","display_name":"Luca Prodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-8291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-8291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Prodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Universita\u0300 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Chimica \"G. Ciamician\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna (Italy)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Neil Spencer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Spencer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027688873","display_name":"James Fraser Stoddart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Fraser Stoddart","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112374988","display_name":"Malcolm S. Tolley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm S. Tolley","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082923867","display_name":"Trevor J. Wear","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-0845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-0845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129726","display_name":"Kodak (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvxap92","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129726","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor J. Wear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kodak Limited, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kodak Limited, Headstone Drive, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 4TY (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111519176","display_name":"David J. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027688873","display_name":"James Fraser Stoddart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3161-3697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. F. Stoddart","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT (UK)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027688873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":4640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.6234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98607779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"33","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10578","display_name":"Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10578","display_name":"Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catenanes","display_name":"catenanes","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heptakis-2-6-di-o-methyl-beta-cyclodextrin","display_name":"heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-\u03b2-cyclodextrin","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-cyclodextrin","display_name":"\u03b3-cyclodextrin","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocyclization","display_name":"macrocyclization","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-synthesis","display_name":"aqueous synthesis","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8442274928092957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50837382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418744","display_name":"Catenane","level":3,"score":0.6490192413330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.6062717437744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.5044268369674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779433975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40417805","display_name":"Cyclodextrin","level":2,"score":0.49703314900398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66974803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10359898","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4833073616027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780591471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410915","display_name":"Biphenyl","level":2,"score":0.4697452187538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131779359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471875","display_name":"Amine gas treating","level":2,"score":0.4493475556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4215976595878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.35756292939186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3534194827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/chem.19950010109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68911691","display_name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","issn_l":"0947-6539","issn":["0947-6539","1521-3765"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W115238100","https://openalex.org/W212129400","https://openalex.org/W578392217","https://openalex.org/W1506390521","https://openalex.org/W1514168643","https://openalex.org/W1729236827","https://openalex.org/W1858868473","https://openalex.org/W1965242269","https://openalex.org/W1966329768","https://openalex.org/W1970197601","https://openalex.org/W1972160760","https://openalex.org/W1974791149","https://openalex.org/W1975836795","https://openalex.org/W1976038872","https://openalex.org/W1977254940","https://openalex.org/W1988654270","https://openalex.org/W1990536693","https://openalex.org/W2000652156","https://openalex.org/W2001904302","https://openalex.org/W2003147491","https://openalex.org/W2007639251","https://openalex.org/W2009489396","https://openalex.org/W2015730255","https://openalex.org/W2017460232","https://openalex.org/W2019626206","https://openalex.org/W2020284322","https://openalex.org/W2022077257","https://openalex.org/W2023150968","https://openalex.org/W2024021131","https://openalex.org/W2024156954","https://openalex.org/W2024266183","https://openalex.org/W2024284661","https://openalex.org/W2025125528","https://openalex.org/W2026532322","https://openalex.org/W2030551365","https://openalex.org/W2032120929","https://openalex.org/W2033122834","https://openalex.org/W2035160040","https://openalex.org/W2039138095","https://openalex.org/W2040898748","https://openalex.org/W2041268649","https://openalex.org/W2042124041","https://openalex.org/W2044568804","https://openalex.org/W2046385384","https://openalex.org/W2049150010","https://openalex.org/W2049630963","https://openalex.org/W2052571796","https://openalex.org/W2056884662","https://openalex.org/W2064815020","https://openalex.org/W2066084392","https://openalex.org/W2069520968","https://openalex.org/W2077375276","https://openalex.org/W2082582589","https://openalex.org/W2083235345","https://openalex.org/W2087064379","https://openalex.org/W2093279834","https://openalex.org/W2097817630","https://openalex.org/W2101478645","https://openalex.org/W2135728505","https://openalex.org/W2143579395","https://openalex.org/W2144389574","https://openalex.org/W2149021905","https://openalex.org/W2159507569","https://openalex.org/W2161952870","https://openalex.org/W2316773338","https://openalex.org/W2319085776","https://openalex.org/W2326235212","https://openalex.org/W2328766421","https://openalex.org/W2342948144","https://openalex.org/W2908405762","https://openalex.org/W2931933173","https://openalex.org/W2949347076","https://openalex.org/W2949459174","https://openalex.org/W2951483764","https://openalex.org/W2953024079","https://openalex.org/W3137979466","https://openalex.org/W4211186777","https://openalex.org/W4232142727","https://openalex.org/W4233220338","https://openalex.org/W4238736534","https://openalex.org/W4240681501","https://openalex.org/W4241637857","https://openalex.org/W4252209303","https://openalex.org/W4254915891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161952870","https://openalex.org/W3154926693","https://openalex.org/W4392374704","https://openalex.org/W2077566981","https://openalex.org/W2081476919","https://openalex.org/W4229002428","https://openalex.org/W1594197180","https://openalex.org/W2108150753","https://openalex.org/W2023284401","https://openalex.org/W2956105412"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,123],"novel":[2,185],"synthetic":[3],"approach":[4],"is":[5],"described":[6],"for":[7],"the":[8,35,57,74,79,91,114,160,168,181,205,233,236],"construction":[9],"of":[10,25,37,78,93,102,118,136,159,183,223,235],"catenanes":[11],"in":[12,34,86,90,210,218,243],"aqueous":[13,87],"solution":[14,88],"from":[15,166],"a":[16,23,30,38,107,119,126,134,229],"partially":[17],"methylated":[18],"cyclodextrin":[19],"(CD)\u2010namely,":[20],"heptakis(2,6\u2010di\u2010O\u2010methyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010cyclodextrin)":[21],"(DM\u2010\u03b2\u2010CD)\u2010and":[22],"range":[24,101],"substrate":[26,245],"molecules":[27],"that":[28,240],"contain":[29],"hydrophobic":[31],"central":[32],"core":[33],"form":[36,61],"4,4\u2032\u2010disubstituted":[39],"biphenyl":[40],"unit":[41],"(usually":[42],"bitolyl)":[43],"carrying":[44],"two":[45],"hydrophilic":[46],"polyether":[47],"side":[48],"chains":[49],"terminated":[50],"by":[51,145,153,174],"primary":[52],"amine":[53],"functions.":[54],"In":[55],"water,":[56],"amphiphilic":[58],"catenane":[59],"precursors":[60],"1:1":[62],"complexes":[63,72],"with":[64,73,82],"\u03b2\u2010CD":[65],"and":[66,68,89,104,138,150,189,197,212],"DM\u2010\u03b2\u2010CD":[67,94],"2:1":[69],"(guest:":[70],"host)":[71],"larger":[75],"\u03b3\u2010CD.":[76],"Macrocyclizations":[77],"biphenyl\u2010containing":[80],"substrates":[81],"aromatic":[83,213],"diacid":[84],"chlorides":[85],"presence":[92],"under":[95],"Schotten\u2010Baumann":[96],"conditions":[97],"afforded\u2010in":[98],"low":[99],"yields\u2010a":[100],"[2]\u2010":[103],"[3]catenanes.":[105],"When":[106],"consitutionally":[108],"asymmetrical":[109],"diamine":[110],"was":[111,129,172],"employed":[112],"as":[113,133,215,217],"substrate,":[115],"orientational":[116],"isomers":[117],"[2]catenane":[120],"were":[121],"obtained.":[122],"[3]catenene":[124],"incorporating":[125],"macrocyclic":[127],"tetralactam":[128],"found":[130],"to":[131],"exist":[132],"mixture":[135],"head\u2010to\u2010head":[137],"head\u2010to\u2010tail":[139],"isomers,":[140],"which":[141,167,179],"could":[142],"be":[143],"separated":[144],"high":[146],"pressure":[147],"liquid":[148],"chromatography":[149],"identified":[151],"unambiguously":[152],"nuclear":[154,193],"magnetic":[155,194],"resonance":[156,195],"spectroscopy.":[157],"One":[158],"[2]catenanes":[161],"afforded":[162],"good":[163],"single":[164],"crystals":[165],"solid":[169],"state":[170],"structure":[171],"determined":[173],"X\u2010ray":[175],"crystallography.":[176],"Other":[177],"techniques":[178],"aided":[180],"characterization":[182],"these":[184,224],"compounds":[186,226],"included":[187],"ultraviolet/visible":[188],"luminescence":[190],"spectroscopy,":[191],"dynamic":[192],"spectroscopy":[196],"fast":[198],"atom":[199],"bombardment":[200],"mass":[201],"spectrometry.":[202],"Generally":[203],"speaking,":[204],"catenated":[206],"cyclodextrins":[207,241],"are":[208],"soluble":[209],"halogenated":[211],"hydrocarbons":[214],"well":[216],"hydroxylic":[219],"solvents.":[220],"The":[221],"existence":[222],"new":[225],"gives":[227],"us":[228],"unique":[230],"insight":[231],"into":[232],"nature":[234],"noncovalent":[237],"bonding":[238],"interactions":[239],"employ":[242],"binding":[244],"molecules.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
