{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249016155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274","title":"Ultralow Beam Divergence and Increased Lateral Brightness in Optically Pumped Midinfrared Laser (Postprint)","display_name":"Ultralow Beam Divergence and Increased Lateral Brightness in Optically Pumped Midinfrared Laser (Postprint)","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249016155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21236/ad1001274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011529840","display_name":"R. Kaspi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8706-3052","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8706-3052"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Kaspi","raw_affiliation_strings":[". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION",". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067785050","display_name":"Michael L. Tilton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Tilton","raw_affiliation_strings":[". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION",". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084839039","display_name":"Gergory C. Dente","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gergory C. Dente","raw_affiliation_strings":[". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION",". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111695107","display_name":"Joseph R. Chavez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph R. Chavez","raw_affiliation_strings":[". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION",". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021001616","display_name":"Andrew P. Ongstad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Ongstad","raw_affiliation_strings":[". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION",". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory 3550 Abderdeen Ave SE Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-infrared-semiconductor-lasers","display_name":"mid-infrared semiconductor lasers","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optically-pumped-lasers","display_name":"optically pumped lasers","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-emitting-lasers","display_name":"edge-emitting lasers","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-divergence","display_name":"beam divergence","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confinement-factor","display_name":"confinement factor","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-gain","display_name":"differential gain","score":0.9769999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.7842899560928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6756584048271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62172962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230543","display_name":"Beam divergence","level":5,"score":0.6420029997825623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5956338047981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5687154531478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5387232303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5152578353881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.4437706172466278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115171683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6493038","display_name":"Laser beam quality","level":4,"score":0.4043942093849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.38347128033638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2591545581817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21236/ad1001274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate","raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980803756","https://openalex.org/W2073881819","https://openalex.org/W2145114262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977898905","https://openalex.org/W2737775835","https://openalex.org/W7011259282","https://openalex.org/W2321596433","https://openalex.org/W4386862511","https://openalex.org/W2057800173","https://openalex.org/W3216246373","https://openalex.org/W4400580679","https://openalex.org/W2023641068","https://openalex.org/W2127886573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"optically":[1],"pumped":[2],"edge-emitting":[3],"semiconductor":[4],"laser":[5,27],"emitting":[6],"near":[7],"4.1":[8],"\u03bcm":[9],"was":[10],"designed":[11],"with":[12],"weak":[13],"transverse":[14,22],"mode":[15,24],"confinement":[16,64],"resulting":[17],"in":[18],"an":[19],"exceptionally":[20],"large":[21,45],"optical":[23],"size.Consequently,":[25],"a":[26,33,44,56,80],"device":[28],"is":[29,52,91],"reported":[30],"that":[31],"exhibits":[32],"fast-axis":[34],"divergence":[35,51,82],"angle":[36,83],"of":[37,47,58,84],"\u223c4.2\u00b0":[38],"full-width":[39],"at":[40],"half-maximum":[41],"(FWHM).More":[42],"notably,":[43],"reduction":[46],"the":[48,59,74],"lateral":[49,61,72,81,89],"axis":[50],"also":[53],"observed":[54],"as":[55],"result":[57],"increased":[60,88],"coherency.The":[62],"reduced":[63],"factor":[65],"and":[66,77,87],"differential":[67],"gain":[68],"serves":[69],"to":[70],"suppress":[71],"filamentation.Despite":[73],"higher":[75],"threshold":[76],"lower":[78],"power,":[79],"\u223c3.2\u00b0":[85],"FWHM":[86],"brightness":[90],"achieved.15.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}