{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248947708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5","title":"Encyclopedia of Finance","display_name":"Encyclopedia of Finance","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248947708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/0-387-26336-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"reference-book"},"volume":null,"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112806225","display_name":"Cheng-Few Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7794"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Few Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University, New Brunswick/Piscataway, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087096157","display_name":"Alice C. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71838634","display_name":"San Francisco State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ykr0121","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71838634"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice C. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71838634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12123","display_name":"Financial Analysis and Corporate Governance","score":0.9125999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.06210000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14317","display_name":"Finance, Markets, and Regulation","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"finance","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-management","display_name":"financial management","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-assessment","display_name":"security analysis","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio-management","display_name":"portfolio management","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-markets","display_name":"financial markets","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"investment","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148863701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5292","display_name":"Encyclopedia","level":2,"score":0.9403146505355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.5867388248443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74510933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1936145","display_name":"Project portfolio management","level":3,"score":0.5247274041175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.5039994120597839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23925645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449731","display_name":"Financial modeling","level":2,"score":0.4307398200035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41490787267684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3836280107498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3464553654193878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23325765132904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.17642134428024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14310461282730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.1155005395412445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15952604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012","display_name":"Project management","level":2,"score":0.07299044728279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/0-387-26336-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-26336-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"reference-book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557455894","https://openalex.org/W1607370849","https://openalex.org/W1893735017","https://openalex.org/W2798745323","https://openalex.org/W2798781265","https://openalex.org/W2975636380","https://openalex.org/W4230274275","https://openalex.org/W4230827859","https://openalex.org/W4292911444","https://openalex.org/W4298863252","https://openalex.org/W4300074130","https://openalex.org/W4300079617","https://openalex.org/W4300926075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597503857","https://openalex.org/W7066045645","https://openalex.org/W4242928038","https://openalex.org/W4251997305","https://openalex.org/W2260640530","https://openalex.org/W4409809319","https://openalex.org/W623509844","https://openalex.org/W3021348274","https://openalex.org/W2483845215","https://openalex.org/W2023577557"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}