{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4248288258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","title":"A NATION OF BUREAUCRATS: POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN KUWAIT AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES","display_name":"A NATION OF BUREAUCRATS: POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION IN KUWAIT AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4248288258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s002074380909148x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/69F0918F281F5AB133AE1B623EF095A2/S002074380909148Xa.pdf/div-class-title-a-nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87435064","display_name":"International Journal Middle East Studies","issn_l":"0020-7438","issn":["0020-7438","1471-6380"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/69F0918F281F5AB133AE1B623EF095A2/S002074380909148Xa.pdf/div-class-title-a-nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022012574","display_name":"Michael Herb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-7057","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-7057"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Herb","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022012574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6256809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"3","first_page":"395a","last_page":"395a"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rentier-state","display_name":"rentier state","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-participation","display_name":"political participation","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-diversification","display_name":"economic diversification","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucracy","display_name":"bureaucracy","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliament","display_name":"parliament","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-employment","display_name":"state employment","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-sector-growth","display_name":"private sector growth","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruling-families","display_name":"ruling families","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-elites","display_name":"political elites","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kuwait","display_name":"Kuwait","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-arab-emirates","display_name":"United Arab Emirates","score":0.8529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7679681777954102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6896437406539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.6520817279815674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.6291177272796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6248921155929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6219972968101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.5858522057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5487865805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.47221639752388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40554141998291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.39730706810951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.361390084028244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.34883901476860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3245570659637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3129793405532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.28326570987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10602980852127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0817686915397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s002074380909148x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/69F0918F281F5AB133AE1B623EF095A2/S002074380909148Xa.pdf/div-class-title-a-nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87435064","display_name":"International Journal Middle East Studies","issn_l":"0020-7438","issn":["0020-7438","1471-6380"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s002074380909148x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909148x","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/69F0918F281F5AB133AE1B623EF095A2/S002074380909148Xa.pdf/div-class-title-a-nation-of-bureaucrats-political-participation-and-economic-diversification-in-kuwait-and-the-united-arab-emirates-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87435064","display_name":"International Journal Middle East Studies","issn_l":"0020-7438","issn":["0020-7438","1471-6380"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Middle East Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4248288258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4248288258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1248358956","https://openalex.org/W2512305969","https://openalex.org/W4235756803","https://openalex.org/W2948846964","https://openalex.org/W2030521245","https://openalex.org/W560434181","https://openalex.org/W2600190251","https://openalex.org/W2607221705","https://openalex.org/W2913080339","https://openalex.org/W2779233269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,98],"very":[1],"rich":[2],"rentier-states,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5,92],"Kuwait,":[6],"citizens":[7,22,51,105],"have":[8,106],"a":[9,125],"smaller":[10],"immediate":[11],"stake":[12],"in":[13,23,36,77,121],"the":[14,17,29,37,48,54,75,78,80,86,99,114,122],"success":[15],"of":[16,39,82,85,116,124],"nonoil":[18,30],"economy":[19],"than":[20],"do":[21],"nonrentier":[24],"economies.":[25],"This":[26],"is":[27,89],"because":[28],"sector":[31],"does":[32,42],"not":[33],"pay":[34],"much":[35],"way":[38],"taxes,":[40],"nor":[41],"it":[43],"employ":[44],"many":[45],"citizens.":[46],"For":[47],"most":[49],"part,":[50],"work":[52],"for":[53],"state":[55,87],"or":[56],"state-owned":[57],"enterprises,":[58],"and":[59,88],"their":[60],"paychecks":[61],"are":[62],"ultimately":[63],"funded":[64],"by":[65,103],"oil":[66],"revenues.":[67],"Foreigners":[68],"dominate":[69],"private-sector":[70,96],"employment.":[71],"Kuwait's":[72],"parliament\u2014by":[73],"far":[74],"strongest":[76],"Gulf\u2014reflects":[79],"interests":[81,115],"citizen":[83],"employees":[84],"widely":[90],"seen":[91],"an":[93],"obstacle":[94],"to":[95],"growth.":[97],"United":[100],"Arab":[101],"Emirates,":[102],"contrast,":[104],"little":[107],"political":[108],"voice.":[109],"Public":[110],"policy":[111],"instead":[112],"reflects":[113],"capitalists":[117],"(especially":[118],"ruling":[119],"families)":[120],"development":[123],"diversified":[126],"economy.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}