{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4246901170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4246901170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2768976251","display_name":"Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033009172","display_name":"Stuart Flanagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-8615","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-8615"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stuart Flanagan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033009172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60781506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"117","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12369","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11037","display_name":"Fungal Infections and Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-jirovecii","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumocystis-jirovecii-pneumonia","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fungal-taxonomy","display_name":"fungal taxonomy","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunocompromised-patients","display_name":"immunocompromised patients","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-count","display_name":"CD4 count","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/highly-active-antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"highly active antiretroviral therapy","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-therapy","display_name":"antifungal therapy","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993443204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis carinii","level":4,"score":0.7663277983665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777559004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134478","display_name":"Pneumocystis jirovecii","level":3,"score":0.7603331804275513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6280222535133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5408402681350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.4366462230682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.431851863861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.37762606143951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3581465184688568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29126328229904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14509180188179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.12974798679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.1217414140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0789194405078888}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Oxford Textbook of Medical Mycology","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510787670","https://openalex.org/W1579211660","https://openalex.org/W1970453278","https://openalex.org/W1981301093","https://openalex.org/W2049219987","https://openalex.org/W2056642788","https://openalex.org/W2086599015","https://openalex.org/W2114286843","https://openalex.org/W2130316654","https://openalex.org/W2133811327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237024088","https://openalex.org/W2189215001","https://openalex.org/W4237637945","https://openalex.org/W2765328149","https://openalex.org/W2488026332","https://openalex.org/W1917306980","https://openalex.org/W2128947271","https://openalex.org/W2904144605","https://openalex.org/W4313493327","https://openalex.org/W2184296948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"humans,":[2],"Pneumocystis":[3,11,108],"pneumonia":[4,109],"is":[5,97,125],"caused":[6,50],"by":[7,51,127],"a":[8,23,40],"yeast-like":[9],"fungus":[10],"jirovecii.":[12],"Originally":[13],"called":[14],"P.":[15,52,55,62,84],"carinii,":[16],"this":[17],"organism":[18],"was":[19,49,57],"thought":[20],"to":[21,59],"be":[22],"protozoan;":[24],"however,":[25],"the":[26,34,46,98],"discovery":[27],"of":[28,101,105,107,131,137],"chitin,":[29],"\u03b2-1,3-glucan,":[30],"and":[31,80,91,134,146],"ergosterol":[32],"in":[33,65,74,111],"cell":[35],"wall":[36],"confirmed":[37],"it":[38,77],"as":[39],"fungus.":[41],"DNA":[42],"analysis":[43],"demonstrated":[44],"that":[45],"human":[47],"disease":[48],"jirovecii,":[53],"while":[54],"carinii":[56],"found":[58],"infect":[60],"rats.":[61],"jirovecii":[63,85],"resides":[64],"mammalian":[66],"lung":[67],"tissue,":[68],"usually":[69],"without":[70],"ill":[71],"effects,":[72],"but":[73],"immunocompromised":[75],"hosts":[76],"becomes":[78],"pathogenic":[79],"causes":[81],"respiratory":[82],"infection.":[83,102,154],"has":[86],"been":[87],"isolated":[88],"from":[89],"air":[90],"pond":[92,95],"water":[93,96],"samples;":[94],"potential":[99],"source":[100],"Almost":[103],"90%":[104],"cases":[106],"occur":[110],"HIV-positive":[112],"individuals":[113],"with":[114],"CD4":[115],"T-cell":[116],"counts":[117],"below":[118],"200":[119],"cells":[120],"per":[121],"microlitre.":[122],"The":[123],"infection":[124],"diagnosed":[126],"clinical":[128],"history,":[129],"assessment":[130],"oxygenation":[132],"levels,":[133],"direct":[135],"microscopy":[136],"sputum":[138],"or":[139],"bronchoalveolar":[140],"lavage":[141],"samples.":[142],"Treatment":[143],"requires":[144],"antibiotics":[145],"HAART":[147],"(highly":[148],"active":[149],"antiretroviral":[150],"therapy)":[151],"for":[152],"HIV":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}