{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4246860194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1","title":"10.1063/1.3173197.1","display_name":"10.1063/1.3173197.1","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4246860194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3173197.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604100","display_name":"Default Digital Object Group","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Default Digital Object Group","raw_type":"dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055261372","display_name":"Sang Kug Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-5786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-5786"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Kug Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016722865","display_name":"Kyungjoo Ryu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungjoo Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054264803","display_name":"Sung Kwon Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-8839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-8839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Kwon Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.6689000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.266400009393692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11170","display_name":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","score":0.019500000402331352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrowetting","display_name":"electrowetting","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streaming-flow","display_name":"streaming flow","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfabricated-electrodes","display_name":"microfabricated electrodes","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microrobots","display_name":"microrobots","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-boats","display_name":"autonomous boats","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steering","display_name":"steering","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-water-interface","display_name":"air-water interface","score":0.4180000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779673822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907239","display_name":"Electrowetting","level":3,"score":0.8429757952690125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98343798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790208","display_name":"Curvilinear coordinates","level":2,"score":0.8026421070098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60439489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634407","display_name":"Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines","level":2,"score":0.7898784875869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1034443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583685","display_name":"Propulsion","level":2,"score":0.789596438407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.4848876893520355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38000237941741943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3776637315750122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3401118218898773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33462828397750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29426926374435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2530757188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22055813670158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.19365143775939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.3173197.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604100","display_name":"Default Digital Object Group","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Default Digital Object Group","raw_type":"dataset"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251416700","https://openalex.org/W4240233020","https://openalex.org/W1993703207","https://openalex.org/W2059547431","https://openalex.org/W1043936577","https://openalex.org/W2032357140","https://openalex.org/W2010039829","https://openalex.org/W2245636715","https://openalex.org/W4412751549","https://openalex.org/W2017000123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,36],"letter":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,24,46,92],"propulsion":[4,37],"principle":[5,12,100],"along":[6,91],"with":[7,54],"experimental":[8],"verification":[9],"of":[10,62,71,98],"this":[11,99],"by":[13,20],"which":[14],"an":[15],"air-to-water":[16],"interface":[17],"vertically":[18],"oscillated":[19],"ac":[21],"electrowetting":[22,56],"generates":[23],"quasisteady,":[25],"\u201cstreaming\u201d":[26],"flow":[27],"that":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30],"utilized":[31],"to":[32,68,102],"propel":[33,103],"water-floating":[34,107],"objects.":[35],"does":[38],"not":[39],"require":[40],"any":[41],"mechanical":[42],"moving":[43],"parts.":[44],"Using":[45],"centimeter-sized":[47],"boat":[48,64,85],"whose":[49],"outer":[50],"surfaces":[51],"were":[52,65],"covered":[53],"microfabricated":[55],"electrodes,":[57],"linear,":[58],"and":[59,74,89,104,109],"rotational":[60],"motions":[61],"the":[63,80,84],"achieved":[66],"up":[67],"maximum":[69],"speeds":[70],"5":[72],"mm/s":[73],"20":[75],"rpm,":[76],"respectively.":[77],"By":[78],"combining":[79],"above":[81],"two":[82],"motions,":[83],"was":[86],"successfully":[87],"propelled":[88],"steered":[90],"curvilinear":[93],"pathline.":[94],"A":[95],"potential":[96],"application":[97],"is":[101],"maneuver":[105],"various":[106],"mini/microrobots":[108],"boats":[110],"used":[111],"for":[112],"water/air":[113],"quality":[114],"monitoring":[115],"or":[116],"surveillance/security":[117],"purposes.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
