{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4246843450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122","title":"Aeroacoustic Analysis of Low-Speed Axial Fans With Different Rotational Speeds in the Design Point","display_name":"Aeroacoustic Analysis of Low-Speed Axial Fans With Different Rotational Speeds in the Design Point","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4246843450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4038122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208105","display_name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","issn_l":"0742-4795","issn":["0742-4795","1528-8919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047712557","display_name":"Patrick Buchwald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Buchwald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machinery Laboratory (ITSM), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machinery Laboratory (ITSM), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052433742","display_name":"Damian M. Vogt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-9911","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-9911"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Damian M. Vogt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machinery Laboratory (ITSM), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Thermal Turbomachinery and Machinery Laboratory (ITSM), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038648116","display_name":"Julien Grilliat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419565","display_name":"ebm-papst","ror":"https://ror.org/00r68rb43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julien Grilliat","raw_affiliation_strings":["ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018625947","display_name":"Wolfgang Laufer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419565","display_name":"ebm-papst","ror":"https://ror.org/00r68rb43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Laufer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035603723","display_name":"Michael B. Schmitz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419565","display_name":"ebm-papst","ror":"https://ror.org/00r68rb43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael B. Schmitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG, St. Georgen 78112, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038378403","display_name":"Andreas Lucius","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419565","display_name":"ebm-papst","ror":"https://ror.org/00r68rb43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Lucius","raw_affiliation_strings":["ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG, Mulfingen 74673, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG, Mulfingen 74673, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003001303","display_name":"Marc Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3468-7765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3468-7765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419565","display_name":"ebm-papst","ror":"https://ror.org/00r68rb43","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marc Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG, Mulfingen 74673, Germany e-mail:"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ebm-papst Mulfingen GmbH & Co. KG, Mulfingen 74673, Germany e-mail:","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003001303","https://openalex.org/A5018625947","https://openalex.org/A5035603723","https://openalex.org/A5038378403","https://openalex.org/A5038648116","https://openalex.org/A5047712557","https://openalex.org/A5052433742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346","https://openalex.org/I2801419565"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58373934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"140","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.774399995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10944","display_name":"Turbomachinery Performance and Optimization","score":0.22179999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fan-rotational-speed","display_name":"fan rotational speed","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade-loading","display_name":"blade loading","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fan-noise","display_name":"fan noise","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fan-efficiency","display_name":"fan efficiency","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tip-vortex","display_name":"tip vortex","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horseshoe-vortex","display_name":"horseshoe vortex","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ffowcs-williams-hawkings-analogy","display_name":"Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-source-localization","display_name":"noise source localization","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-design-performance","display_name":"off-design performance","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-point","display_name":"design point","score":0.3540000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81063470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1256787","display_name":"Rotational speed","level":2,"score":0.7509845495223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.6646906137466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154815118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453762","display_name":"Spinning","level":2,"score":0.5665019750595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5420644283294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121129557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1201072","display_name":"Detached eddy simulation","level":4,"score":0.47190409898757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44148769974708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72203522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6498398","display_name":"Mechanical fan","level":2,"score":0.4408150315284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.43987706303596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4373820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4271864593029022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37822067737579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2734675407409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25649991631507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2538909912109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23723065853118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09958785772323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1115/1.4038122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210208105","display_name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","issn_l":"0742-4795","issn":["0742-4795","1528-8919"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316053","host_organization_name":"ASM International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["ASM International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479373297","https://openalex.org/W1587498870","https://openalex.org/W1966449098","https://openalex.org/W1970249199","https://openalex.org/W1974692600","https://openalex.org/W1976589874","https://openalex.org/W1997558015","https://openalex.org/W2011285503","https://openalex.org/W2017488472","https://openalex.org/W2084673457","https://openalex.org/W2100685834","https://openalex.org/W2129058768","https://openalex.org/W2146794926","https://openalex.org/W2158082510","https://openalex.org/W2320880435","https://openalex.org/W2326960032","https://openalex.org/W2331143477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134060146","https://openalex.org/W1977918936","https://openalex.org/W3047805817","https://openalex.org/W3042795937","https://openalex.org/W4231249860","https://openalex.org/W2506727889","https://openalex.org/W1966449098","https://openalex.org/W1616385759","https://openalex.org/W1980354587","https://openalex.org/W2889223209"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,9,17,121,144,159,179,208,233,248,254,270,291,303],"the":[2,7,14,18,52,56,60,67,71,81,104,113,118,122,125,142,145,148,157,174,180,186,205,217,221,228,234,238,241,246,249,255,258,260,271,280,292,299,304,310,332,339,345,350,358,361,367],"main":[3,187,222,305],"design":[4,114,127],"decisions":[5],"in":[6,51,84,112,138,147,151,162,182,216,240,316,363,369],"development":[8],"low-speed":[10],"axial":[11],"fans":[12,102,146,193,239],"is":[13,76,128,243,265,301],"right":[15],"choice":[16,83],"blade":[19,40,53,57,196],"loading":[20,41,58],"versus":[21],"rotational":[22,110,163,321],"speed,":[23],"since":[24],"a":[25,34,43,77,170,177,289,327],"target":[26],"pressure":[27,106,340],"rise":[28,107],"could":[29],"either":[30],"be":[31],"achieved":[32],"with":[33,47,103,194,204,245,309,313,366],"slow":[35,191],"spinning":[36,45,192],"fan":[37,46,61,68,72,126,166,272],"and":[38,59,70,74,130,150,168,211,225,286,323,336],"high":[39,195],"or":[42],"fast":[44],"less":[48],"flow":[49,171,296],"turning":[50],"passages.":[54],"Both":[55,277],"speed":[62,164],"have":[63],"an":[64,160,314],"influence":[65],"on":[66,173,298,338,349],"performance":[69,143],"acoustics,":[73],"there":[75],"need":[78],"to":[79,86,140,219,226],"find":[80],"optimum":[82,161],"order":[85,139],"maximize":[87],"efficiency":[88,167,364],"while":[89],"minimizing":[90],"noise":[91,223,235,284,293,306,355,370],"emissions.":[92,371],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"addresses":[95],"this":[96],"problem":[97],"by":[98],"investigating":[99],"five":[100],"different":[101,109,268],"same":[105,281],"but":[108],"speeds":[111,322],"point":[115],"(DP).":[116],"In":[117,257,357],"first":[119],"part":[120],"numerical":[123],"study,":[124],"described":[129],"steady-state":[131],"Reynolds-averaged":[132],"Navier\u2013Stokes":[133],"(RANS)":[134],"simulations":[135,201],"are":[136,214],"conducted":[137],"identify":[141,169,220],"DP":[149,218],"off-design":[152],"conditions.":[153],"The":[154,231,295],"investigations":[155],"show":[156,279],"existence":[158],"regarding":[165,283],"separation":[172,297],"hub":[175,300],"causing":[176],"deflection":[178],"outflow":[181],"radial":[183],"direction":[184],"as":[185,274,342,344],"loss":[188],"source":[189],"for":[190,288],"loadings.":[197],"Subsequently,":[198],"large":[199],"eddy":[200],"(LES)":[202],"along":[203,308],"acoustic":[206],"analogy":[207],"Ffowcs":[209],"Williams":[210],"Hawkings":[212],"(FW\u2013H)":[213],"performed":[215,244],"sources":[224,236,307],"determine":[227],"far-field":[229],"acoustics.":[230],"identification":[232],"within":[237],"near-field":[242],"help":[247],"power":[250,262],"spectral":[251],"density":[252],"(PSD)":[253],"pressure.":[256],"far-field,":[259],"sound":[261],"level":[263],"(SWL)":[264],"computed":[266],"using":[267],"parts":[269],"surface":[273],"FW\u2013H":[275],"sources.":[276,294,356],"methods":[278],"trends":[282],"emissions":[285],"allow":[287],"localization":[290],"one":[302],"tip":[311],"vortex":[312,329],"increase":[315],"its":[317],"strength":[318],"toward":[319],"lower":[320],"higher":[324],"loading.":[325],"Furthermore,":[326],"horseshoe":[328],"detaching":[330],"from":[331],"rotor":[333],"leading":[334],"edge":[335],"impinging":[337],"side":[341,352],"well":[343],"turbulent":[346],"boundary":[347],"layer":[348],"suction":[351],"represent":[353],"significant":[354],"present":[359],"investigation,":[360],"maximum":[362],"coincides":[365],"minimum":[368]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T17:25:34.749102","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}