{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4246293147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","title":"Prospective randomized trial of high-dose bolus versus low-dose tissue plasminogen activator infusion in the management of acute limb ischaemia","display_name":"Prospective randomized trial of high-dose bolus versus low-dose tissue plasminogen activator infusion in the management of acute limb ischaemia","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4246293147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","mag":"2018378063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9171752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/bjs.1800840517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61740008","display_name":"British journal of surgery","issn_l":"0007-1323","issn":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031447879","display_name":"B.D. Braithwaite","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-1819","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-1819"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. D. Braithwaite","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110042972","display_name":"Tim M Buckenham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. M. Buckenham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111521409","display_name":"R B Galland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. B. Galland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112804011","display_name":"B P Heather","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. P. Heather","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085126867","display_name":"J J Earnshaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-6461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-6461"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. J. Earnshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Thrombolysis Study Group","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thrombolysis Study Group","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3797,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":5007},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96067668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"5","first_page":"646","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10926","display_name":"Peripheral Artery Disease Management","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10926","display_name":"Peripheral Artery Disease Management","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10227","display_name":"Acute Ischemic Stroke Management","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11625","display_name":"Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-limb-ischemia","display_name":"acute limb ischemia","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-plasminogen-activator","display_name":"tissue plasminogen activator","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombolysis","display_name":"thrombolysis","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-occlusion","display_name":"arterial occlusion","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limb-salvage","display_name":"limb salvage","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amputation","display_name":"amputation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhage","display_name":"hemorrhage","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjunctive-procedures","display_name":"adjunctive procedures","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.980446994304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6029092073440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776572282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416351","display_name":"Tissue plasminogen activator","level":2,"score":0.5872620344161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541997718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188151","display_name":"Ischemia","level":2,"score":0.47157400846481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4274459779262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3573835492134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.34919825196266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24250108003616333}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000208","descriptor_name":"Acute Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007262","descriptor_name":"Infusions, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007511","descriptor_name":"Ischemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007866","descriptor_name":"Leg","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010959","descriptor_name":"Tissue Plasminogen Activator","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010959","descriptor_name":"Tissue Plasminogen Activator","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010960","descriptor_name":"Plasminogen Activators","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010960","descriptor_name":"Plasminogen Activators","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015552","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intralesional","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015912","descriptor_name":"Thrombolytic Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015912","descriptor_name":"Thrombolytic Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/bjs.1800840517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800840517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61740008","display_name":"British journal of surgery","issn_l":"0007-1323","issn":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.1997.02671.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1997.02671.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2168.1997.02671.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61740008","display_name":"British journal of surgery","issn_l":"0007-1323","issn":["0007-1323","1365-2168"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9171752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9171752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The British journal of surgery","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2018378063","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9171752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977594338","https://openalex.org/W2010464346","https://openalex.org/W2058275250","https://openalex.org/W2089775214","https://openalex.org/W2091473852","https://openalex.org/W2308156424","https://openalex.org/W2413664877","https://openalex.org/W2525471468","https://openalex.org/W2897459212","https://openalex.org/W4234638057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018378063","https://openalex.org/W2042836792","https://openalex.org/W2312199502","https://openalex.org/W4247277673","https://openalex.org/W2025070257","https://openalex.org/W2083858838","https://openalex.org/W2007271573","https://openalex.org/W4250601268","https://openalex.org/W7071634424","https://openalex.org/W2521879170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"Accelerated":[1],"thrombolysis":[2,133,240,258],"with":[3,13,40,121,185,241,267],"high-dose":[4,55,113,140,155,182,207],"bolus":[5,56,156,236],"tissue":[6],"plasminogen":[7],"activator":[8],"(tPA)":[9],"may":[10],"enable":[11],"patients":[12,39,179,199,204,217,251,266],"more":[14,149],"severe":[15],"acute":[16,41,268],"leg":[17,42],"ischaemia":[18,43],"to":[19,24,52,71,259],"be":[20,260],"treated":[21,253],"without":[22,243],"recourse":[23],"surgery.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27],"was":[28,115,134,169,173],"a":[29,191,222,232],"randomized":[30,51],"comparison":[31],"of":[32,44,60,96,102,109,138,143,177,187,194,250],"two":[33,198],"thrombolytic":[34],"regimens.":[35],"METHODS:":[36],"One":[37],"hundred":[38],"less":[45],"than":[46],"30":[47,64],"days'":[48],"duration":[49,93,108],"were":[50,85,152,252],"receive":[53],"either":[54],"tPA":[57,80,242],"(three":[58],"doses":[59],"5":[61],"mg":[62],"over":[63],"min,":[65],"then":[66,74],"3.5":[67],"mg/h":[68],"for":[69,88,126,265],"up":[70],"4":[72,255],"h,":[73],"0.5-1.0":[75],"mg/h)":[76],"or":[77],"conventional":[78],"low-dose":[79,127,145,192,213,229],"(0.5-1.0":[81],"mg/h).":[82],"The":[83,106],"groups":[84],"well":[86],"matched":[87],"age,":[89],"cardiovascular":[90],"risk":[91],"factors,":[92],"and":[94,100,141,197,209,225],"severity":[95],"ischaemia,":[97],"site,":[98],"cause":[99],"length":[101],"arterial":[103],"occlusion.":[104],"RESULTS:":[105],"median":[107],"infusion":[110,128,157,193],"in":[111,136,175,180,205,211,218,227],"the":[112,181,206,212,228],"group":[114,183,208,214,220,230],"4.0":[116],"(range":[117,123],"0.25-46)":[118],"h":[119,125,256],"compared":[120,184],"20":[122],"2-46)":[124],"(P":[129,162],"<":[130],"0.0001).":[131],"Successful":[132],"achieved":[135,174],"45":[137],"49":[139,178],"39":[142,176],"44":[144,188],"infusions":[146],"but":[147],"significantly":[148,238],"adjunctive":[150],"procedures":[151],"required":[153,201],"following":[154],"(26":[158],"versus":[159],"16":[160],"patients)":[161],"=":[163],"0.002).":[164],"Thirty":[165],"days":[166],"after":[167],"treatment":[168],"commenced,":[170],"limb":[171],"salvage":[172],"37":[186],"who":[189],"had":[190,231],"tPA.":[195],"Six":[196],"respectively":[200],"amputation.":[202],"Four":[203],"five":[210],"died.":[215],"Three":[216],"each":[219],"suffered":[221],"major":[223],"haemorrhage":[224],"one":[226],"stroke.":[233],"CONCLUSION:":[234],"High-dose":[235],"therapy":[237,264],"accelerated":[239],"compromising":[244],"outcome.":[245],"Some":[246],"50":[247],"per":[248],"cent":[249],"within":[254],"enabling":[257],"used":[261],"as":[262],"primary":[263],"critical":[269],"ischaemia.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}