{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4245384152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","title":"Sociological Science","display_name":"Sociological Science","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4245384152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.15195/issn.2330-6696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","pdf_url":"https://sociologicalscience.com/download/vol_12/march/SocSci_v12_180to201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739021930","display_name":"Sociological Science","issn_l":"2330-6696","issn":["2330-6696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316893","host_organization_name":"Society for Sociological Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316893"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Sociological Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal"},"volume":null,"type":"paratext","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://sociologicalscience.com/download/vol_12/march/SocSci_v12_180to201.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Senn, Jeremy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senn, Jeremy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lausanne (UNIL)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lausanne (UNIL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stolz, J\u00f6rg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97565354","display_name":"University of Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stolz, J\u00f6rg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Lausanne (UNIL)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Lausanne (UNIL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97565354"],"apc_list":{"value":575,"currency":"USD","value_usd":575},"apc_paid":{"value":575,"currency":"USD","value_usd":575},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":true,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.4162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.4162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14426","display_name":"Religion, Gender, and Enlightenment","score":0.17110000550746918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.13779999315738678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-religious-leadership","display_name":"female religious leadership","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loose-coupling","display_name":"loose coupling","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-egalitarianism","display_name":"gender egalitarianism","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-ordination","display_name":"ordination of women","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-lag","display_name":"temporal lag","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-congregations","display_name":"religious congregations","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5757948756217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.4266819953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3907557427883148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.325701504945755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16595882177352905}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.15195/issn.2330-6696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","pdf_url":"https://sociologicalscience.com/download/vol_12/march/SocSci_v12_180to201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739021930","display_name":"Sociological Science","issn_l":"2330-6696","issn":["2330-6696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316893","host_organization_name":"Society for Sociological Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316893"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Sociological Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.15195/issn.2330-6696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.15195/issn.2330-6696","pdf_url":"https://sociologicalscience.com/download/vol_12/march/SocSci_v12_180to201.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739021930","display_name":"Sociological Science","issn_l":"2330-6696","issn":["2330-6696"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316893","host_organization_name":"Society for Sociological Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316893"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Society for Sociological Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323831","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/019whta54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4245384152.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4245384152.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28866446","https://openalex.org/W278111497","https://openalex.org/W1572270939","https://openalex.org/W1773422510","https://openalex.org/W2014957102","https://openalex.org/W2016611837","https://openalex.org/W2041240810","https://openalex.org/W2042605052","https://openalex.org/W2096732176","https://openalex.org/W2577537660","https://openalex.org/W2735913399","https://openalex.org/W2746733235","https://openalex.org/W2921350308","https://openalex.org/W2961195758","https://openalex.org/W3108977643","https://openalex.org/W3130656656","https://openalex.org/W3159114088","https://openalex.org/W4236154475","https://openalex.org/W4243670407","https://openalex.org/W4282843430","https://openalex.org/W4382751662","https://openalex.org/W4391512168","https://openalex.org/W7055967584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408447328","https://openalex.org/W7213565578","https://openalex.org/W6943679553","https://openalex.org/W1926380469","https://openalex.org/W2014957102","https://openalex.org/W2127945999","https://openalex.org/W4384209593","https://openalex.org/W7138836565","https://openalex.org/W4251775575","https://openalex.org/W2581338034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"his":[1],"seminal":[2],"work":[3],"'Ordaining":[4],"Women,'":[5],"Mark":[6],"Chaves":[7],"(1997b)":[8],"highlighted":[9],"the":[10,104,121,136,139,155,172],"phenomenon":[11],"of":[12,120,154,158,171],"'loose":[13,106],"coupling'":[14],"regarding":[15],"female":[16,35,46,74],"religious":[17,128],"leadership:":[18],"congregations":[19,31,66],"often":[20,111],"display":[21],"inconsistencies":[22],"between":[23,97,174],"their":[24,70,162],"stated":[25],"policies":[26],"and":[27,78,100,138,142,177],"actual":[28],"practices.":[29],"Some":[30],"declare":[32],"openness":[33],"to":[34,76,83],"leadership":[36,47,52,77,85],"but":[37],"do":[38],"not":[39],"practice":[40,101,178],"it,":[41],"whereas":[42],"others":[43],"officially":[44],"forbid":[45],"yet":[48],"have":[49],"women":[50,82],"in":[51,87,93],"roles.":[53],"Our":[54],"article":[55],"identifies":[56],"a":[57,94,168],"theoretical":[58],"mechanism":[59],"producing":[60],"this":[61],"inconsistency.":[62],"We":[63],"propose":[64],"that":[65,151],"typically":[67],"first":[68],"loosen":[69],"formal":[71],"rules":[72,109],"governing":[73],"access":[75],"only":[79],"later":[80],"allow":[81],"occupy":[84],"positions":[86],"practice.":[88,116],"This":[89],"two-stage":[90],"process":[91],"results":[92],"temporal":[95],"lag":[96,173],"rule":[98,175],"change":[99,176],"change,":[102],"creating":[103],"observed":[105],"coupling,'":[107],"where":[108],"are":[110],"more":[112],"gender":[113],"egalitarian":[114],"than":[115],"Using":[117],"two":[118],"waves":[119],"National":[122],"Congregation":[123],"Survey":[124],"Switzerland":[125],"covering":[126],"all":[127],"traditions,":[129],"we":[130],"test":[131],"our":[132],"theory":[133],"both":[134],"on":[135],"aggregate":[137],"unit":[140],"level":[141],"find":[143],"strong":[144],"support":[145],"for":[146],"it.":[147],"Simulations":[148],"further":[149],"indicate":[150],"certain":[152],"characteristics":[153],"organizational":[156],"population":[157],"congregations,":[159],"such":[160],"as":[161],"low":[163],"attrition":[164],"rate,":[165],"may":[166],"explain":[167],"large":[169],"part":[170],"change.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}