{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4245085085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472","title":"Victorian Origins of the British Welfare State","display_name":"Victorian Origins of the British Welfare State","publication_year":1961,"publication_date":"1961-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4245085085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/1338472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117766065","display_name":"Harvard Law Review","issn_l":"0017-811X","issn":["0017-811X","2161-976X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697690","host_organization_name":"Harvard Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031182180","display_name":"Franz M. Oppenheimer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz M. Oppenheimer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Roberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":112,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98209018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":"6","first_page":"1252","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13763","display_name":"Historical Legal Studies and Society","score":0.08150000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13196","display_name":"Political Theory and Influence","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-welfare-state","display_name":"British welfare state","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/victorian-era","display_name":"Victorian era","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-welfare-history","display_name":"social welfare history","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nineteenth-century-britain","display_name":"nineteenth-century Britain","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.6380724906921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5771939754486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.520116925239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.43646275997161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.37844204902648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.308654248714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10109049081802368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.04822626709938049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/1338472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1338472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117766065","display_name":"Harvard Law Review","issn_l":"0017-811X","issn":["0017-811X","2161-976X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697690","host_organization_name":"Harvard Law Review Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Harvard Law Review Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Harvard Law Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361856915","https://openalex.org/W2004515647","https://openalex.org/W4241645386","https://openalex.org/W2607565963","https://openalex.org/W2334455907","https://openalex.org/W4213439288","https://openalex.org/W4377236949","https://openalex.org/W4377822522","https://openalex.org/W2099704365","https://openalex.org/W2002272792"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}