{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244888061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","title":"\u03b1\u03b2\u03b3, Hoyle, and the history of nucleosynthesis","display_name":"\u03b1\u03b2\u03b3, Hoyle, and the history of nucleosynthesis","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244888061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4797117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","pdf_url":"https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4797117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180907581","display_name":"Physics Today","issn_l":"0031-9228","issn":["0031-9228","1945-0699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4797117","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106408097","display_name":"Michael S. Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-2635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-2635","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2323-2456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106408097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47727621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"5","first_page":"12","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12836","display_name":"History and Developments in Astronomy","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12836","display_name":"History and Developments in Astronomy","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10093","display_name":"Nuclear physics research studies","score":0.07159999758005142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleosynthesis","display_name":"nucleosynthesis","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-bang-nucleosynthesis","display_name":"big bang nucleosynthesis","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steady-state-cosmology","display_name":"steady-state cosmology","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-chemical-elements","display_name":"origin of chemical elements","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popperian-falsifiability","display_name":"Popperian falsifiability","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/george-gamow","display_name":"George Gamow","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.693689227104187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4397270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471702","display_name":"Nucleosynthesis","level":3,"score":0.680129885673523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.578513503074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5471311211585999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67101536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535910","display_name":"George (robot)","level":2,"score":0.49787092208862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16743098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837317","display_name":"Big Bang nucleosynthesis","level":4,"score":0.47913476824760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.37489283084869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3724138140678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.3663233518600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.2780017852783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.21770453453063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.2103520929813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.1824246644973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206191943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238323","display_name":"Nuclear reaction","level":2,"score":0.17338809370994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.11679771542549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4797117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","pdf_url":"https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4797117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180907581","display_name":"Physics Today","issn_l":"0031-9228","issn":["0031-9228","1945-0699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Today","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.4797117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4797117","pdf_url":"https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4797117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180907581","display_name":"Physics Today","issn_l":"0031-9228","issn":["0031-9228","1945-0699"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Today","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244888061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4244888061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978497724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059682898","https://openalex.org/W7098524406","https://openalex.org/W1980873732","https://openalex.org/W2043015668","https://openalex.org/W2090444227","https://openalex.org/W2485966778","https://openalex.org/W29716398","https://openalex.org/W2114728519","https://openalex.org/W4312946048","https://openalex.org/W1492108644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Turner":[0],"replies:":[1],"The":[2,93,133],"history":[3],"of":[4,95,108,151,178,202,207,210,213,278,348,372,378,404],"ideas":[5,193],"is":[6,135,153,168,341,351],"rarely":[7],"just":[8],"about":[9,162],"equations":[10,263],"and":[11,15,27,63,74,106,112,184,199,233,244,268,362],"error":[12],"bars;":[13],"people":[14],"their":[16,41,252,309],"interactions":[17],"are":[18,194],"equally":[19],"important.":[20],"Additional":[21],"perspectives":[22],"add":[23,38],"to":[24,35,40,84,89,170,225,236,245,312,324,333,353],"the":[25,44,48,52,96,99,104,109,173,179,191,195,208,211,214,223,227,239,256,261,265,275,282,313,317,320,346,370,373],"picture,":[26],"I":[28,37,68,80,330],"thank":[29],"my":[30],"colleagues":[31],"for":[32,126,130,172,230,264],"taking":[33],"time":[34],"write.":[36],"this":[39],"insights.In":[42],"recounting":[43],"standard":[45],"lore":[46],"that":[47,86,156,190,319,356],"steady-state":[49],"theory":[50,134,344],"motivated":[51,158],"seminal":[53],"1957":[54],"paper":[55,129,254],"by":[56],"Geoffrey":[57],"Burbidge,":[58,60],"Margaret":[59],"William":[61],"Fowler,":[62],"Fred":[64],"Hoyle":[65,87],"(BBFH),":[66],"which":[67],"learned":[69],"from":[70,238,273],"Helge":[71],"Kragh\u2019s":[72],"Cosmology":[73],"Controversy":[75],"(Princeton":[76],"University":[77],"Press,":[78],"1999),":[79],"did":[81],"not":[82,221],"mean":[83],"imply":[85],"came":[88],"nucleosynthesis":[90,157,249],"through":[91],"cosmology.":[92,338],"origin":[94,212],"elements":[97,215],"was":[98,359],"problem":[100,209],"du":[101],"jour":[102],"in":[103,138,141,181,281,328,345,364],"1940s,":[105],"many":[107],"leading":[110],"nuclear":[111],"astrotheorists":[113],"worked":[114],"on":[115,255],"it,":[116],"including":[117],"Hoyle.":[118],"However,":[119],"BBFH":[120],"has":[121],"995":[122],"citations":[123],"versus":[124],"91":[125],"his":[127],"1946":[128,218],"a":[131,165,342],"reason:":[132],"laid":[136],"out":[137],"full":[139],"detail":[140],"BBFH,":[142],"while":[143],"Hoyle\u2019s":[144,217],"initial":[145],"foray":[146],"covers":[147],"one":[148,270],"small":[149],"aspect":[150],"it.There":[152],"no":[154,205],"doubt":[155],"George":[159,185],"Gamow\u2019s":[160],"thinking":[161],"cosmology;":[163],"however,":[164],"similar":[166],"case":[167],"hard":[169],"make":[171],"steady":[174,321],"state.":[175],"A":[176],"re-read":[177],"papers":[180],"David":[182],"Arnett":[183],"Wallerstein\u2019s":[186],"reference":[187],"5":[188],"shows":[189],"driving":[192],"perfect":[196],"cosmological":[197],"principle":[198],"continuous":[200],"creation":[201],"matter,":[203],"with":[204,308,336],"mention":[206],"(or":[216],"paper).I":[219],"regret":[220],"having":[222],"space":[224],"discuss":[226],"missed":[228],"opportunity":[229],"Ralph":[231],"Alpher":[232],"Robert":[234],"Herman":[235],"benefit":[237],"insightful":[240],"criticism":[241],"they":[242,258,286,306],"received":[243],"get":[246],"Big":[247,283],"Bang":[248],"right.":[250],"In":[251],"last":[253],"subject,":[257],"set":[259],"up":[260],"correct":[262],"neutron":[266],"abundance":[267],"were":[269],"step":[271],"away":[272],"predicting":[274],"large":[276],"amount":[277],"helium-4":[279],"produced":[280],"Bang,":[284],"but":[285],"didn\u2019t;":[287],"1":[288],"1.":[289],"R.":[290,297,381,388],"A.":[291,382],"Alpher,":[292,383],"J.":[293,384],"W.":[294,385],"Follin":[295,386],"Jr,":[296,387],"C.":[298,389],"Herman,":[299,390],"Phys.":[300,391],"Rev.":[301,392],"92,":[302,393],"1347":[303,394],"(1953).":[304,395],"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.92.1347":[305,396],"stuck":[307],"neutron-capture":[310],"model":[311],"end.Finally,":[314],"other":[315],"than":[316],"fact":[318],"state":[322],"helped":[323],"stir":[325],"early":[326],"interest":[327,363],"cosmology,":[329],"find":[331],"little":[332],"connect":[334],"it":[335,340,358],"precision":[337],"True,":[339],"strong":[343],"sense":[347],"Karl":[349],"Popper\u2014it":[350],"easy":[352],"falsify.":[354],"For":[355],"reason":[357],"falsified":[360],"quickly,":[361],"cosmology":[365],"died":[366],"down":[367],"again":[368],"until":[369],"discovery":[371],"cosmic":[374],"microwave":[375],"background.":[376],"REFERENCESection:ChooseTop":[377],"pageREFERENCE":[379],"<<1.":[380],",":[397],"Google":[398],"ScholarCrossref,":[399],"ISI\u00a9":[400],"2009":[401],"American":[402],"Institute":[403],"Physics.":[405]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
