{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244875107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620","title":"Party Position Change in American Politics","display_name":"Party Position Change in American Politics","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244875107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065578018","display_name":"David Karol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2721-2938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Karol","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065578018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6353,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":258,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97971875,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13333","display_name":"American Political and Social Dynamics","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11432","display_name":"Gender Politics and Representation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-party-system","display_name":"two-party system","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/issue-positions","display_name":"issue positions","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-coalitions","display_name":"party coalitions","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-groups","display_name":"interest groups","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-stability","display_name":"party stability","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-representation","display_name":"political representation","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/republicans","display_name":"Republicans","score":0.968999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7816680073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6816582679748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.6268159747123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780534388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328508","display_name":"Gun control","level":2,"score":0.5714225769042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5498223900794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.528460681438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4941411316394806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4917636215686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.43158209323883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.389430433511734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27414047718048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2495850920677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08720898628234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.06429934501647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.05406036972999573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/cbo9780511812620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511812620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"monograph"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W563212741","https://openalex.org/W1988496730","https://openalex.org/W1805461049","https://openalex.org/W2797388973","https://openalex.org/W3034472872","https://openalex.org/W1599776271","https://openalex.org/W2289258728","https://openalex.org/W1486058171","https://openalex.org/W2763868401","https://openalex.org/W7098948876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"America's":[0],"two":[1],"party":[2,43,74],"system":[3],"is":[4,103,128],"highly":[5],"stable,":[6],"but":[7],"its":[8],"parties'":[9],"issue":[10],"positions":[11],"are":[12,106],"not.":[13],"Democrats":[14],"and":[15,29,32,39,86,147],"Republicans":[16],"have":[17],"changed":[18,109],"sides":[19],"on":[20,34,63,119],"many":[21],"subjects,":[22],"including":[23],"trade,":[24],"civil":[25],"rights,":[26],"defense":[27],"spending,":[28],"fiscal":[30],"policy,":[31],"polarized":[33],"newer":[35],"issues":[36,65],"like":[37],"abortion":[38],"gun":[40],"control.":[41],"Yet":[42],"position":[44,75],"change":[45,91,134],"remains":[46],"poorly":[47],"understood.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"book":[51],"David":[52],"Karol":[53,97],"views":[54],"parties":[55,105],"as":[56],"coalitions":[57],"of":[58,79,83,111,133,143],"groups":[59],"with":[60],"intense":[61],"preferences":[62,110],"particular":[64],"managed":[66],"by":[67,95,126],"politicians.":[68],"He":[69,122],"explains":[70],"important":[71],"variations":[72],"in":[73],"change:":[76],"the":[77,81,87,100],"speed":[78],"shifts,":[80],"stability":[82],"new":[84,115],"positions,":[85],"extent":[88],"to":[89,108],"which":[90],"occurs":[92],"via":[93],"adaptation":[94,125],"incumbents.":[96],"shows":[98],"that":[99,124],"key":[101],"question":[102],"whether":[104],"reacting":[107],"coalition":[112],"components,":[113],"incorporating":[114],"constituencies,":[116],"or":[117],"experimenting":[118],"'groupless'":[120],"issues.":[121],"reveals":[123],"incumbents":[127],"a":[129],"far":[130],"greater":[131],"source":[132],"than":[135],"previously":[136],"recognized.":[137],"This":[138],"study":[139],"enhances":[140],"our":[141],"understanding":[142],"parties,":[144],"interest":[145],"groups,":[146],"representation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}