{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244672022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740","title":"Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide to Cyclic Poly(Lactide) by Using N\u2010Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts","display_name":"Zwitterionic Polymerization of Lactide to Cyclic Poly(Lactide) by Using N\u2010Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysts","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244672022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ange.200604740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200754","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie","issn_l":"0044-8249","issn":["0044-8249","0932-2140","1521-3757"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001583157","display_name":"Darcy A. Culkin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darcy\u2005A. Culkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110494948","display_name":"Wonhee Jeong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonhee Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057945073","display_name":"Szil\u00e1rd Csihony","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szil\u00e1rd Csihony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051272539","display_name":"Enrique Daniel Gomez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-4480","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-4480"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique\u2005D. Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046800376","display_name":"Nitash P. Balsara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-5565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0106-5565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitash\u2005P. Balsara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087768520","display_name":"James L. Hedrick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-9747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3621-9747","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3968-9728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James\u2005L. Hedrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009737401","display_name":"Robert M. Waymouth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-9509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9862-9509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert\u2005M. Waymouth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009737401"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":5790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5790},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8143808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"15","first_page":"2681","last_page":"2684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10661","display_name":"biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10405","display_name":"Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11593","display_name":"Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactide","display_name":"lactide","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-heterocyclic-carbenes","display_name":"N-heterocyclic carbenes","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organocatalysis","display_name":"organocatalysis","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocyclic-polymers","display_name":"macrocyclic polymers","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-weight-control","display_name":"molecular weight control","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polydispersity","display_name":"polydispersity","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polylactic-acid","display_name":"polylactic acid","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777164566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419257","display_name":"Carbene","level":3,"score":0.8453174829483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44228677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181898","display_name":"Polymerization","level":3,"score":0.6722587943077087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203897987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900770","display_name":"Ring-opening polymerization","level":4,"score":0.6640387773513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776743539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421313","display_name":"Lactide","level":4,"score":0.6413558721542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.611547589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5969198942184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.516316831111908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126348684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3456979","display_name":"Polymer science","level":1,"score":0.4823283851146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2798757553100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.17378100752830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.14044925570487976}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ange.200604740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.200604740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200754","display_name":"Angewandte Chemie","issn_l":"0044-8249","issn":["0044-8249","0932-2140","1521-3757"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Angewandte Chemie","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495482938","https://openalex.org/W1599121154","https://openalex.org/W1638094284","https://openalex.org/W1977421085","https://openalex.org/W1977865120","https://openalex.org/W1980947232","https://openalex.org/W1982997151","https://openalex.org/W1990351127","https://openalex.org/W1992338910","https://openalex.org/W1994229205","https://openalex.org/W2006731997","https://openalex.org/W2012893255","https://openalex.org/W2017546955","https://openalex.org/W2025841642","https://openalex.org/W2027791687","https://openalex.org/W2030372844","https://openalex.org/W2050498736","https://openalex.org/W2071488938","https://openalex.org/W2078626725","https://openalex.org/W2086564038","https://openalex.org/W2086594441","https://openalex.org/W2119070388","https://openalex.org/W2145587477","https://openalex.org/W4211172071","https://openalex.org/W4239138787","https://openalex.org/W4240710514","https://openalex.org/W4255004652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019287343","https://openalex.org/W2047144036","https://openalex.org/W2095053201","https://openalex.org/W2066951527","https://openalex.org/W4249953864","https://openalex.org/W2324192148","https://openalex.org/W7049203185","https://openalex.org/W2890763447","https://openalex.org/W2019295202","https://openalex.org/W2067301668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Der":[0],"Ring":[1],"wird":[2],"geschlossen:":[3],"Die":[4,20],"zwitterionische":[5],"Ring\u00f6ffnungspolymerisation":[6],"von":[7],"Lactid":[8],"in":[9,34],"Gegenwart":[10],"N-heterocyclischer":[11],"Carbene":[12],"liefert":[13],"gut":[14],"definiertes":[15],"cyclisches":[16],"Polylactid":[17],"(siehe":[18],"Schema).":[19],"Polymerisation":[21],"verl\u00e4uft":[22],"schnell":[23],"und":[24,31],"resultiert":[25],"unter":[26],"au\u00dfergew\u00f6hnlicher":[27],"Kontrolle":[28],"des":[29],"Molekulargewichts":[30],"der":[32],"Polydispersit\u00e4t":[33],"hoch":[35],"reinen":[36],"makrocyclischen":[37],"Polymeren.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}