{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4244598049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4244598049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"After the SpringEconomic Transitions in the Arab World","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1490816507","display_name":"After the SpringEconomic Transitions in the Arab World"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Magdi Amin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdi Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074701331","display_name":"Ragui A. Assaad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-5335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-5335"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ragui Assaad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017616445","display_name":"Nazar al-Baharna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nazar al-Baharna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022388089","display_name":"Kemal Dervi\u015f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemal Dervi\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001741198","display_name":"Raj M. Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-1680","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-1680"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj M. Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010891930","display_name":"Navtej S. Dhillon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Navtej S. Dhillon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033799057","display_name":"Ahmed M. Galal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3541-9704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3541-9704"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Galal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112065863","display_name":"Hafez Ghanem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafez Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013357999","display_name":"Carol L. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-1960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-1960"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daniel Kaufmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kaufmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056969295","display_name":"Homi Kharas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-1246","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-1246"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Homi Kharas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"John Page","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Page","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024484780","display_name":"Djavad Salehi\u2010Isfahani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-9212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-9212"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Djavad Salehi-Isfahani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064232604","display_name":"Katherine Sierra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Sierra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022623805","display_name":"Tarik M. Yousef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3445-0566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3445-0566"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarik M. Yousef","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53651242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13560","display_name":"Socioeconomic Development in MENA","score":0.6904000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.11299999803304672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.05820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-reform","display_name":"economic reform","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratization","display_name":"democratization","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-spring","display_name":"Arab Spring","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-world","display_name":"Arab world","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-employment","display_name":"youth employment","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-modernization","display_name":"public administration modernization","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-market-integration","display_name":"international market integration","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-institutions","display_name":"global institutions","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-policy","display_name":"economic policy","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-change","display_name":"political transition","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.8507988452911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5904679298400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53844881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856122","display_name":"Modernization theory","level":2,"score":0.5746840238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.4890473783016205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.456408828496933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992544869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839494","display_name":"Economic reform","level":3,"score":0.4352070689201355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.41415935754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.37323665618896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3691767156124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1848534345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17838752269744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13441741466522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199924929.003.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"After the SpringEconomic Transitions in the Arab World","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6601999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490816507","https://openalex.org/W2904126812","https://openalex.org/W374056569","https://openalex.org/W2952429331","https://openalex.org/W4253892737","https://openalex.org/W2225143876","https://openalex.org/W2319585723","https://openalex.org/W3162013116","https://openalex.org/W3109056621","https://openalex.org/W2344999323"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Economic":[0],"reform":[1],"and":[2,70,76],"democratization":[3],"are":[4,18],"the":[5,12,31,34,43,47,52,55,58,62,67,97],"twin":[6],"challenges":[7,32,85],"for":[8],"Arab":[9,13,25,98],"countries":[10],"after":[11],"spring.":[14],"In":[15],"this,":[16],"there":[17],"four":[19],"separate":[20],"but":[21],"interrelated":[22],"\u201ctransitions\u201d":[23],"that":[24,86],"states":[26],"must":[27],"undergo":[28],"to":[29,91],"meet":[30],"of":[33,46,57,64],"twenty-first":[35],"century:":[36],"(1)":[37],"an":[38,88],"intergenerational":[39],"transition":[40],"toward":[41],"meeting":[42],"economic":[44,93],"needs":[45],"large":[48],"youth":[49],"population":[50],"in":[51,66,73,96],"region;":[53],"(2)":[54],"modernization":[56],"public":[59],"sector;":[60,69],"(3)":[61],"establishment":[63],"confidence":[65],"private":[68],"(4)":[71],"integration":[72],"global":[74,77],"markets":[75],"institutions.":[78],"The":[79],"chapter":[80],"also":[81],"explores":[82],"some":[83],"key":[84],"pose":[87],"immediate":[89],"threat":[90],"sound":[92],"policy":[94],"making":[95],"world.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}